Evolutionary Genetics of the Andean Lizard Genus Pholidobolus (Sauria: Gymnophthalmidae): Phylogeny, Biogeography, and a Comparison of Tree Construction Techniques
Evolutionary Genetics of the Andean Lizard Genus Pholidobolus (Sauria: Gymnophthalmidae): Phylogeny, Biogeography, and a Comparison of Tree Construction Techniques
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安第斯蜥蜴属 Pholidobolus 的进化遗传学（蜥亚纲：裸眼科）：系统发育、生物地理学和树木构建技术的比较
DOI：
10.2307/sysbio/34.2.109
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发表时间：
1985
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
D. Hillis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Hillis
电泳检查的29个基因位点的产品在5种Pholidobolus和3种Proctoporus在很大程度上证实了分类安排，是基于早期的形态学工作。电泳数据用于构建物种的亲缘关系，并重新分析形态学数据进行比较;这些数据集在很大程度上是一致的。假设的亲缘关系将Ph. affinis作为其他Pholidobolus的姐妹种，Ph. macbrydei作为其余分类群的姐妹种，而两个种群被称为Ph. prefrontalis作为Ph. montium加上Ph. annectens的姐妹种。由于Pholidobolus属的小尺寸和随之而来的少量可能的系统发育假说，从电泳数据构建系统发育树的各种方法之间的比较是方便的。所有105个可能的分叉无根树的13个拟合优度统计进行了检查，三个相似的树始终有利于所有标准。如果使用外群生根，这些树中最受欢迎的是最简约的分支图。然而，中点生根，几乎所有的系统发育信息丢失，得到的树是相同的UPGMA表型。距离树的中点生根选项重新唤起了距离方法应该避免的假设（相等的变化率）。这一假设显然不符合Pholidobolus属。根据Pholidobolus属的假设系统发育，对Pholidobolus属的物种进行生物地理学分析，结果表明，这一近缘复合体没有涉及两个姐妹物种的接触区。这强调了系统发育重建作为物种形成机制研究的第一步的必要性。这一发现也表明，竞争物种，而不是地理障碍，有时可能会起到隔离分化种群的作用。（进化遗传学;物种发生学;物种地理学;物种形成;遗传距离;网络生根; Pholidobolus; Proctoporus）
Electrophoretic examination of the products of 29 gene loci in the five species of Pholidobolus and three species of Proctoporus largely substantiates the taxonomic arrangement that was based on earlier morphological work. The electrophoretic data are used to construct a phylogeny of the species and the morphological data are reanalyzed for comparison; these data sets are largely consistent. The hypothesized phylogeny places Ph. affinis as the sister species to the other Pholidobolus, Ph. macbrydei as the sister species to the remaining taxa, and the two populations referred to Ph. prefrontalis as the sister species to Ph. montium plus Ph. annectens. Because of the small size of the genus Pholidobolus and the concomitant small number of possible phylogenetic hypotheses, comparisons among various methods of constructing phylogenetic trees from electrophoretic data are facilitated. All 105 possible bifurcating unrooted trees were examined for each of 13 goodness-of-fit statistics; three similar trees were consistently favored by all criteria. If outgroup rooting is used, the most favored of these trees is identical to the most parsimonious cladogram. However, with midpoint rooting, almost all phylogenetic infor- mation is lost and the resulting tree is identical to the UPGMA phenogram. The midpoint- rooting option of distance trees reinvokes an assumption (equal rates of change) that the distance methods are supposed to avoid. This assumption is clearly not met for the genus Pholidobolus. Biogeographic analysis of the species of Pholidobolus with respect to the hypothesized phylog- eny of the genus reveals that no contact zones of this parapatric complex involve two sister species. This emphasizes the need for phylogenetic reconstruction as the first step in the ex- amination of speciation mechanisms. This finding also suggests that competing species, rather than geographic barriers, may at times serve to isolate differentiating populations. (Evolutionary genetics; phylogeny; biogeography; speciation; genetic distances; network rooting; Pholidobolus; Proctoporus.)