Ebola Virus Shedding and Transmission: Review of Current Evidence
Ebola Virus Shedding and Transmission: Review of Current Evidence
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DOI：
10.1093/infdis/jiw254
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发表时间：
2016-10-15
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Kaiser, Laurent
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vetter, Pauline;Fischer, William A., II;Kaiser, Laurent
背景2013-2016年西非埃博拉病毒病爆发的规模是前所未有的，报告病例超过28500例，死亡人数超过11000人。了解埃博拉病毒传播的关键要素是必要的，以实施充分的感染预防和控制措施，以保护医护人员和停止在community.Methods.aEuro积分我们进行了广泛的PubMed文献综述，包括从1976年发现埃博拉病毒的时期，到2016年6月1日，以评估埃博拉病毒脱落和传播模式的证据。结果。通过细胞培养，从血液、唾液、尿液、房水、精液以及受感染或康复期患者的母乳。在发病后几天或几个月内，在以下体液中发现埃博拉病毒RNA：唾液（22天）、结膜/泪液（28天）、粪便（29天）、阴道液（33天）、汗液（44天）、尿液（64天）、羊水（38天）、房水（101天）、脑脊液（9个月）、母乳（16个月[初步数据]）和精液（18个月）。然而，唯一记录在案的康复患者继发性传播病例是通过性传播。我们没有发现强有力的证据支持呼吸道或污染物相关的传播。
Background. The magnitude of the 2013-2016 Ebola virus disease outbreak in West Africa was unprecedented, with >28 500 reported cases and >11 000 deaths. Understanding the key elements of Ebola virus transmission is necessary to implement adequate infection prevention and control measures to protect healthcare workers and halt transmission in the community.Methods.aEuro integral We performed an extensive PubMed literature review encompassing the period from discovery of Ebola virus, in 1976, until 1 June 2016 to evaluate the evidence on modes of Ebola virus shedding and transmission.Findings.aEuro integral Ebola virus has been isolated by cell culture from blood, saliva, urine, aqueous humor, semen, and breast milk from infected or convalescent patients. Ebola virus RNA has been noted in the following body fluids days or months after onset of illness: saliva (22 days), conjunctiva/tears (28 days), stool (29 days), vaginal fluid (33 days), sweat (44 days), urine (64 days), amniotic fluid (38 days), aqueous humor (101 days), cerebrospinal fluid (9 months), breast milk (16 months [preliminary data]), and semen (18 months). Nevertheless, the only documented cases of secondary transmission from recovered patients have been through sexual transmission. We did not find strong evidence supporting respiratory or fomite-associated transmission.