Matches and mismatches: ocean climate, prey phenology and breeding success in a zooplanktivorous seabird
Matches and mismatches: ocean climate, prey phenology and breeding success in a zooplanktivorous seabird
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DOI：
10.3354/meps07603
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Hipfner, J. Mark
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hipfner, J. Mark
在海洋环境中，气候变化正在不对称地改变处于不同营养水平的物种的物候，导致捕食者和猎物之间不匹配的严重程度增加。在加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省的三角岛，食性动物海鸟卡辛的脚踝在温水年份繁殖得不如在冷水年份成功。之前的研究人员推测，这种情况的发生是因为，在温暖的年份，小海雀的筑巢供给期和近地表水域中的重要猎物--桡足类动物新鳍足类的出现时期之间的时间重叠较少。我用1996至2006年间收集的数据检验了这一假设。正如匹配错配假说所预测的那样，在温暖的年份比寒冷的年份早2到3周，桡足类在筑巢的食物中变得稀少，而且不那么普遍。总体而言，在温暖的年份。从孵化到羽化，这些海雀的后代从孵化到羽化的可能性更大，而且在羽化时体重更重，在它们的饮食更丰富的年份。信息论方法表明，这种食物效应是春季海洋温度的直接结果，超过了海洋温度对后代行为的其他间接影响，与当地浮游动物年度生物量峰值的时间和幅度的独立数据相比较表明，在幼鸟饲料中，决定桡足类季节性流行的关键因素是猎物的时机，而不是猎物的丰度。这项研究增加了越来越多的证据，表明气候驱动的物候错配可以改变关键的营养相互作用，对捕食者产生潜在的有害人口统计学后果。
In the marine environment., climatic changes are asymmetrically altering the phenologies of species at different trophic levels, causing an increase in the severity of mismatching between predators and their prey. At Triangle Island (British Columbia, Canada), the zooplanktivorous seabird Cassin's anklet Ptychoramphus aleuticus breeds less successfully in warm-water years than in cold-water years. Previous researchers hypothesized that this Occurred because, in warm years, there is less temporal overlap between the auklets' nestling-provisioning period and the period when the copepod Neocalanus cristatus, an important prey item, is available to the birds in near-surface waters. I tested this hypothesis with data collected between 1996 and 2006. As predicted by the match-mismatch hypothesis, the copepods became scarce in nestling diets 2 to 3 wk earlier in warmer than in colder years, and were less prevalent. overall in warm years. The, auklets' Offspring were more likely to survive from hatching to fledging, and were heavier in mass at fledging, in years in which their diets were richer in N. cristatus. Information-theoretic approaches indicated that this effect of diet, a direct consequence of spring ocean temperature, outweighed other indirect influences of ocean temperature on offspring performance, Comparison with independent data on the timing and magnitude of local annual zooplankton biomass peaks indicated that prey timing, rather than prey abundance, was the key factor determining seasonal prevalence of the copepod in nestling diets. This study adds to a growing body of evidence showing that climate-driven phenological mismatches can alter critical trophic interactions, with potentially deleterious demographic consequences for predators.