Spatio-Temporal Mapping of Plate Boundary Faults in California Using Geodetic Imaging
Spatio-Temporal Mapping of Plate Boundary Faults in California Using Geodetic Imaging
复制标题
使用大地测量成像对加利福尼亚州板块边界断层进行时空测绘
DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. DeLong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Donnellan;R. Arrowsmith;S. DeLong
加利福尼亚州的太平洋-北美板块边界由400公里宽的断层网络和分布变形带组成。地震，甚至是大地震，都可能沿着更大的板块边界系统内的单个或组合断层发生。虽然研究往往集中在原生和次生断层上，但需要对板块边界进行整体研究，以回答几个基本问题。板块边界运动是如何跨越加利福尼亚断层的？板块边界内的断层在地震中是如何相互作用的？多大比例的应变积累在地震中被解除，这是否对断层破裂的传播提供了限制？大地成像是对地壳形变和地表地形的测量，能够评估地形特征和地壳的时空行为。在这里，我们重点关注利用连续全球定位系统(GPS)数据和NASA机载UAVSAR平台的干涉合成孔径雷达(InSAR)观测到的地壳形变，以及从激光雷达和运动结构(SfM)方法获得的高分辨率地形。结合起来，这些测量被用来识别活动构造、过去的破裂、瞬时运动和变形的分布。这些观测结果有助于对断层的力学和几何性质的估计。我们讨论了加州的五个地区，作为不同断层行为、断层成熟度和地震周期内不同时间的例子：2014年南纳帕6.0级地震破裂，圣哈辛托断层，圣安德烈亚斯断层爬行和锁定的卡里佐段，加州东部剪切带的兰德斯破裂，以及加州东部剪切带和加利福尼亚州南部的圣安德烈亚斯断层的汇合。这些实例表明，可以利用干涉合成孔径雷达(InSAR)、全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)和高分辨率地形形变测量地壳形变的分布，并可以加深我们对宽阔板块边界带内构造变形和破裂特征的理解。
The Pacific–North American plate boundary in California is composed of a 400-km-wide network of faults and zones of distributed deformation. Earthquakes, even large ones, can occur along individual or combinations of faults within the larger plate boundary system. While research often focuses on the primary and secondary faults, holistic study of the plate boundary is required to answer several fundamental questions. How do plate boundary motions partition across California faults? How do faults within the plate boundary interact during earthquakes? What fraction of strain accumulation is relieved aseismically and does this provide limits on fault rupture propagation? Geodetic imaging, broadly defined as measurement of crustal deformation and topography of the Earth’s surface, enables assessment of topographic characteristics and the spatio-temporal behavior of the Earth’s crust. We focus here on crustal deformation observed with continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) data and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) from NASA’s airborne UAVSAR platform, and on high-resolution topography acquired from lidar and Structure from Motion (SfM) methods. Combined, these measurements are used to identify active structures, past ruptures, transient motions, and distribution of deformation. The observations inform estimates of the mechanical and geometric properties of faults. We discuss five areas in California as examples of different fault behavior, fault maturity and times within the earthquake cycle: the M6.0 2014 South Napa earthquake rupture, the San Jacinto fault, the creeping and locked Carrizo sections of the San Andreas fault, the Landers rupture in the Eastern California Shear Zone, and the convergence of the Eastern California Shear Zone and San Andreas fault in southern California. These examples indicate that distribution of crustal deformation can be measured using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), and high-resolution topography and can improve our understanding of tectonic deformation and rupture characteristics within the broad plate boundary zone.
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Grieve, Stuart W. D.;Mudd, Simon M.;Furbish, David J.
通讯作者：
Furbish, David J.