How Foundations Shape Social Movements : The Construction of an Organizational Field and the Rise of Forest Certification
How Foundations Shape Social Movements : The Construction of an Organizational Field and the Rise of Forest Certification
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基金会如何塑造社会运动：组织场域的构建和森林认证的兴起
DOI：
10.1525/sp.2007.54.3.229
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Tim Bartley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tim Bartley
Social movement scholars have demonstrated that foundation patronage channels social movements away from radical activities toward moderate goals, but accounts of how this process occurs are underdeveloped. Existing research typically focuses on foundations' differential selection of grant recipients (i.e., “cherry-picking” nonthreatening groups) and transformation of particular recipient organizations over time (i.e., professionalizing grassroots groups). Scholars have overlooked ways in which foundations shape social movements by building or restructuring entire organizational fields. Foundation-led “field-building” activities may embed social movement organizations (SMOs) in new contexts and enroll them in new projects, thus channeling protest in subtle ways. This argument is illustrated with the case of forest certification—a form of governance created in the 1990s as a moderate, market-based alternative to disruptive environmental boycotts. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative data, I show how foundations coordinated their grant-making to build a field of forest certification, enrolled social movement organizations in this project, and used the leverage of protest to further their fieldbuilding agenda.
