Wolbachia in butterflies and moths: geographic structure in infection frequency.
Wolbachia in butterflies and moths: geographic structure in infection frequency.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12983-015-0107-z
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Kawahara AY
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ahmed MZ;Araujo-Jnr EV;Welch JJ;Kawahara AY
蝶和蛾是昆虫目中种类最多的昆虫之一，在生态系统中起着重要的作用。然而，对它们的细菌群落知之甚少。沃尔巴克氏体，也许是地球上最常见和最广泛的细胞内细菌，可以操纵其宿主的生理和繁殖，并从母亲垂直传播到后代，或者有时在物种之间水平传播。虽然它在某些宿主中的作用已被广泛研究，但其在鳞翅目昆虫中的发病率知之甚少。最近的一项分析使用β-二项式模型来推断流行率的物种间分布，估计约40%的节肢动物物种感染沃尔巴克氏体，但特定的分类群和生态位似乎显示出明显更高或更低的发病率。在这项研究中，我们采取了第一步，并应用了类似的，最大似然法的300种鳞翅目（7604个人660人口）属于17个家庭和10个超家庭，并从36个国家，代表除南极洲以外的所有大陆采样。大约四分之一到三分之一的个体似乎感染了沃尔巴克氏体，大约80%的鳞翅目物种以不可忽略的频率感染。与一般节肢动物相比，这一发病率估计值非常高。Wolbachia感染在鳞翅目不同的家庭，但没有证据表明密切相关的群体表现出类似的感染水平。真正的蝴蝶（蝶总科）在我们的数据中被过度代表，然而，我们的估计表明，这组可以作为其他主要鳞翅目超科的代表。我们还显示了感染水平根据地理位置的显著变化-更接近的位置往往显示出相似的感染水平。我们进一步表明，在地理上的变化是由于在沃尔巴克氏体感染的纬度梯度，频率较低，向高纬度地区。我们对鳞翅目昆虫沃尔巴克氏体感染的全面调查表明，感染率非常高，并提供证据表明，气候和地理是感染频率的强有力预测因素。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1186/s12983-015-0107-z）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
Butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) constitute one of the most diverse insect orders, and play an important role in ecosystem function. However, little is known in terms of their bacterial communities. Wolbachia, perhaps the most common and widespread intracellular bacterium on Earth, can manipulate the physiology and reproduction of its hosts, and is transmitted vertically from mother to offspring, or sometimes horizontally between species. While its role in some hosts has been studied extensively, its incidence across Lepidoptera is poorly understood. A recent analysis using a beta-binomial model to infer the between-species distribution of prevalence estimated that approximately 40 % of arthropod species are infected with Wolbachia, but particular taxonomic groups and ecological niches seem to display substantially higher or lower incidences. In this study, we took an initial step and applied a similar, maximum likelihood approach to 300 species of Lepidoptera (7604 individuals from 660 populations) belonging to 17 families and 10 superfamilies, and sampled from 36 countries, representing all continents excluding Antarctica. Approximately a quarter to a third of individuals appear to be infected with Wolbachia, and around 80 % of Lepidoptera species are infected at a non-negligible frequency. This incidence estimate is very high compared to arthropods in general. Wolbachia infection in Lepidoptera is shown to vary between families, but there is no evidence for closely related groups to show similar infection levels. True butterflies (Papilionoidea) are overrepresented in our data, however, our estimates show this group can be taken as a representative for the other major lepidopteran superfamilies. We also show substantial variation in infection level according to geography – closer locations tend to show similar infection levels. We further show that variation in geography is due to a latitudinal gradient in Wolbachia infection, with lower frequencies towards higher latitudes. Our comprehensive survey of Wolbachia infection in Lepidoptera suggests that infection incidence is very high, and provides evidence that climate and geography are strong predictors of infection frequency. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12983-015-0107-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.