Populism and the American Party System: Opportunities and Constraints
Populism and the American Party System: Opportunities and Constraints
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DOI：
10.1017/s1537592719002664
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发表时间：
2020-06-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Lee, Frances E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lee, Frances E.
民粹主义是否威胁美国民主？如果是，这种威胁的性质是什么？在与民粹主义比较文献的对话中，本文考虑了美国政治体系中民粹主义政党和候选人可获得的机会结构。我认为，与大多数其他民主国家相比，美国制度为有组织的民粹主义政党提供的机会要少得多，但为民粹主义候选人提供的机会却更多。与美国历史上的其他时期相比，今天的主要政党也可能更容易受到民粹主义叛乱的影响，因为（1）通信技术的变化，（2）主流政党和政党领导人不受欢迎，以及（3）日益种族化的政党制度造成的代表差距。尽管没有哪个民主制度能够免于恶化，但美国宪法制度阻碍了威权民粹主义，就像它阻碍了政党权力一般一样。但主要政党对民粹主义叛乱的脆弱性对美国的自由民主规范构成了威胁，就像在其他地方一样。
Does populism threaten American democracy, and if so, what is the nature of that threat? In dialogue with the comparative literature on populism, this article considers the opportunity structure available to populist parties and candidates in the American political system. I argue that compared to most other democracies, the US system offers much less opportunity for organized populist parties but more opportunity for populist candidacies. Today's major parties may also be more vulnerable to populist insurgency than at other points in US history because of (1) changes in communications technology, (2) the unpopularity of mainstream parties and party leaders, and (3) representation gaps created by an increasingly racialized party system. Although no democratic system is immune to deterioration, the US constitutional system impedes authoritarian populism, just as it obstructs party power generally. But the vulnerability of the major parties to populist insurgency poses a threat to liberal democratic norms in the United States, just as it does elsewhere.