Gender differences in alcohol consumption and adverse drinking consequences: cross-cultural patterns
Gender differences in alcohol consumption and adverse drinking consequences: cross-cultural patterns
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1360-0443.2000.95225112.x
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发表时间：
2000-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Harris, TR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wilsnack, RW;Vogeltanz, ND;Harris, TR
目标。研究跨文化饮酒行为的性别差异的一致性和/或变异性。设计，设置，参与者。性别与酒精问题国际研究小组成员分析的10个国家16项一般人口调查中妇女和男子的答复。测量.比较饮酒与戒酒、典型饮酒频率和数量、重度间歇性饮酒、中毒、早晨饮酒以及与酒精相关的家庭和职业问题。调查结果。女性和男性在目前饮酒与戒酒的概率上差异不大，但男性在典型的饮酒频率和数量以及大量饮酒事件和不良饮酒后果的发生率方面始终超过女性，而女性则始终比男性更有可能终身戒酒。在年龄较大的人群中，男性和女性都喝少量的酒，并且更有可能完全停止饮酒，但饮酒频率并没有随着年龄的变化而变化。结论.一个理论综合提出，性别角色可能会放大生物差异;对酒精的反应，饮酒行为的性别差异可能会被修改的宏观社会因素，修改性别角色对比。
Aims. To examine the consistency and/or variability of gender differences in drinking behavior cross-culturally. Design, setting, participants. Women's and men's responses in 16 general population surveys from 10 countries, analyzed by members of the International Research Group on Gender and Alcohol. Measurements. Comparable measures of drinking, versus abstention, typical drinking frequencies and quantities, heavy episodic drinking, intoxication, morning drinking, and alcohol-related family and occupational problems. Findings. Women and men differed little in the probability of currently drinking versus abstaining, but men consistently exceeded women in typical drinking frequencies and quantities and in rates of heavy drinking episodes and adverse drinking consequences, while women were consistently more likely than;men to be life-time abstainers. In older age groups, both men and women drank smaller quantities of alcohol,and were more likely to stop drinking altogether, but drinking frequencies did nor change consistently with age. Conclusions. A theoretical synthesis proposes that gender roles may amplify biological differences in;reactions to alcohol, and that gender differences in drinking behavior may be modified by macrosocial factors that modify gender role contrasts.