Architectural roles of long noncoding RNAs in the intranuclear formation of functional paraspeckles
Architectural roles of long noncoding RNAs in the intranuclear formation of functional paraspeckles
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DOI：
10.2741/4015
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Hirose, Tetsuro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kawaguchi, Tetsuya;Hirose, Tetsuro
真核细胞的核是高度区域化的，这种结构的复杂性允许调节复杂的基因表达途径。已知的一些称为核体的亚核结构中含有RNA。最近，多个非编码RNA(NcRNAs)被鉴定为覆盖哺乳动物基因组大部分区域的产物。在核体中发现了大量的ncRNAs，提示ncRNAs在这些核体中发挥了新的作用。Paraspeckle是这些核体之一，含有特定的ncRNAs，称为MEN(多发性内分泌肿瘤)epsilon/beta ncRNAs，以及特有的RNA结合蛋白。在培养的细胞系中普遍观察到Paraspeckle，但在小鼠组织中是细胞类型特有的。据报道，Paraspeckle在含有肌苷的mRNAs的核保留过程中起着重要作用，并在应激条件下受到调节。有趣的是，男性epsilon/beta ncRNAs是形成副核蛋白的先决条件，表明这些ncRNAs的结构作用，可能也在mRNAs的核保持中发挥重要作用。本文综述了副斑点结构及其成分的已知方面，并试图构建一个依赖于ncRNA的核体结构形成的模型。
The eukaryotic nucleus is highly compartmentalized, and this structural complexity allows the regulation of complex gene expression pathways. Some of the subnuclear structures called nuclear bodies are known to contain RNAs. Recently multiple noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been identified as products from regions covering large portions of mammalian genomes. Several abundant ncRNAs were found to localize in nuclear bodies, suggesting new roles for ncRNAs in these nuclear bodies. Paraspeckle, one of these nuclear bodies, contains specific ncRNAs, termed MEN (Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia) epsilon/beta ncRNAs, and characteristic RNA-binding proteins. Paraspeckle is ubiquitously observed in cultured cell lines but is cell type-specific in mouse tissues. Paraspeckle reportedly plays an important role in the nuclear retention of inosine-containing mRNAs and is regulated under stress conditions. Intriguingly, MEN epsilon/beta ncRNAs are prerequisite for the formation of paraspeckles, indicating architectural roles for these ncRNAs and, presumably, significant roles in the nuclear retention of mRNAs as well. This review focuses on known aspects of the paraspeckle structure and its components, and we attempt here to construct a model of the ncRNA-dependent formation of nuclear body structures.