Report of the Task Force on Zoonoses Data Collection on the analysis of the baseline survey on the prevalence of Salmonella in slaughter pigs, in the EU, 2006-2007 Part A: Salmonella prevalence estimates
Report of the Task Force on Zoonoses Data Collection on the analysis of the baseline survey on the prevalence of Salmonella in slaughter pigs, in the EU, 2006-2007 Part A: Salmonella prevalence estimates
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DOI：
10.2903/j.efsa.2008.135r
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发表时间：
2008-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
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中科院分区：
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沙门氏菌是人类食源性疾病的重要原因。农场动物和动物源性食品是人类沙门氏菌感染的重要来源。因此，为了减少欧盟人类沙门氏菌病的发病率，共同体立法预见到为包括屠宰猪在内的食用动物群体设定沙门氏菌减少目标。为了支持这一目标，在整个欧盟范围内进行了一项基线调查，以确定在屠宰时猪感染沙门氏菌的流行率。这些猪是从这些屠宰场随机挑选的，这些屠宰场占每个成员国屠宰猪的80%。是次屠房调查是欧洲共同体进行的第四次基线调查，于二零零六年十月至二零零七年九月期间抽取屠宰猪只样本进行。所有参与的成员国和挪威从选定的屠宰猪中采集回盲肠淋巴结样本。总共对19，159头屠宰猪进行了采样，并收集了19，071个淋巴结样本。从淋巴结样本，这导致在社区观察到的沙门氏菌阳性屠宰猪的患病率为10.3%。这意味着，在欧盟屠宰时，每10头屠宰猪中就有1头在淋巴结中感染沙门氏菌。这些屠宰猪的沙门氏菌患病率在成员国之间差异很大，从0.0%到29.0%。所有24个报告沙门氏菌阳性结果的会员国分离出鼠伤寒沙门氏菌，20个会员国检测到德比沙门氏菌，这是人类沙门氏菌感染病例中发现的两种常见血清型。这导致社区观察到的沙门氏菌患病率估计为4.7%。鼠伤寒沙门氏菌，在成员国内从0.0%变化到16.1%，沙门氏菌为2.1%。Derby，从0.0%到6.5%不等。从已经选择用于淋巴结取样的猪中，13个成员国收集了尸体拭子以确定沙门氏菌外部污染的流行率。来自这组成员国的数据表明，观察到的沙门氏菌污染的尸体的流行率。总体上为8.3%，这意味着这组成员国中有十二分之一的尸体被沙门氏菌污染。在成员国层面，受污染的胴体的流行率范围为0.0%至20.0%。此外，9个成员国额外采集了肉汁或血液样本，旨在调查屠宰猪的沙门氏菌抗体流行率，表明猪过去曾接触沙门氏菌。这些成员国使用不同的实验室抗体检测试剂盒，沙门氏菌社区参考实验室进行的比较研究显示，这些不同检测方法的结果在成员国之间不具有可比性。因此，无法估计这组成员国屠宰猪中沙门氏菌抗体的总体流行率。欧盟成员国屠宰猪沙门氏菌抗体阳性率为3.5%~ 33.3%，屠宰猪淋巴结沙门氏菌血清型多样性较大，共分离出87个血清型。欧盟淋巴结中最常见的5种沙门氏菌血清型依次为S。鼠伤寒沙门氏菌S. Derby，S. Rissen，S. 4，[5]，12：i：-和S.肠道。除S. Rissen是欧盟内人类沙门氏菌感染的常见原因。S.鼠伤寒和沙门氏菌。淋巴结中Derby血清型占优势;鼠伤寒是最常见的血清型，在40.0%的沙门氏菌阳性屠宰猪中检出，并由所有24个沙门氏菌阳性成员国报告。S.德比沙门氏菌在阳性淋巴结中也占很大比例（14.6%），有20个沙门氏菌阳性成员国报告了德比沙门氏菌。13个进行检测的成员国共报告了屠宰猪胴体表面的30种不同血清型。从动物尸体中分离出的5个最常见的血清型依次为S。鼠伤寒沙门氏菌S. Derby，S.因凡蒂斯河Bredeney和S.勃兰登堡。前三种血清型是欧盟内人类沙门氏菌感染的常见原因。S.在屠宰猪胴体表面分离出的血清型中，鼠伤寒沙门氏菌最常见，占沙门氏菌阳性猪胴体的49.4%。第二常见的血清型是S。Derby（阳性尸体的24.3%）。S.鼠伤寒沙门氏菌（S.就会员国数量而言，德比也是最常报告的，13个参与会员国中共有10个。屠宰猪的沙门氏菌感染有可能转化为猪肉的沙门氏菌污染，导致人类疾病。减少猪感染流行的干预措施可能会减少人类沙门氏菌病病例的数量。安全处理生肉及彻底煮熟是减低受沙门氏菌污染猪肉对人类健康风险的重要措施。是次基线调查的结果适合用作制订减少猪只沙门氏菌的目标。共同体立法预见了对所有沙门氏菌血清型设定屠宰猪的目标，这些沙门氏菌血清型具有公共卫生意义，并得到成本效益分析的支持。
Salmonella is an important cause of food-borne illness in humans. Farm animals and foods of animal origin form an important source of human Salmonella infections. Therefore, in order to reduce the incidence of human salmonellosis in the European Union, Community legislation foresees the setting of Salmonella reduction targets for food-animal populations including slaughter pigs. To underpin such a target, a European Union-wide baseline survey was carried out to determine, at the point of slaughter, the prevalence of pigs infected with Salmonella. The pigs were randomly selected from those slaughterhouses that together accounted for 80% of pigs slaughtered within each Member State. This slaughterhouse survey was the fourth baseline survey to be conducted in the European Community.The sampling of slaughter pigs took place between October 2006 and September 2007. All participating Member States and Norway sampled ileo-caecal lymph nodes from the selected slaughtered pigs. In total 19,159 slaughter pigs were sampled and 19,071 lymph node samples collected.Twenty-four of the 25 participating Member States isolated Salmonella spp. from the lymph node samples, which resulted in a Community observed prevalence of Salmonella-positive slaughter pigs of 10.3%. This means that in the European Union at the point of slaughter one in ten slaughter pigs were estimated to be infected with Salmonella in the lymph nodes. The Salmonella prevalence in these slaughter pigs varied widely amongst the Member States, from 0.0% to 29.0%. All 24 Member States reporting Salmonella positive findings isolated Salmonella Typhimurium and 20 Member States detected Salmonella Derby, which are two common serovars found in Salmonella infection cases in humans. This resulted in an estimated Community observed prevalence of 4.7% for S. Typhimurium, varying from 0.0% to 16.1% within the Member States, and of 2.1% for S. Derby, varying from 0.0% to 6.5%.From the pigs that had already been selected for sampling of lymph nodes, 13 Member States collected carcass swabs to determine the prevalence of external contamination with Salmonella. Data from this group of Member States showed that the observed prevalence of carcasses contaminated with Salmonella spp. was 8.3% overall, meaning that one in twelve carcasses were contaminated with Salmonella for this group of Member States. At the Member States' level, the prevalence of contaminated carcasses ranged from 0.0% to 20.0%.In addition, 9 Member States additionally collected either meat juice or blood samples with the aim of investigating the prevalence of slaughter pigs with antibodies against Salmonella, indicating past exposure of the pig to Salmonella. These Member States used different laboratory antibody detection test kits and a comparison study done by the Community Reference Laboratory for Salmonella showed that the results of these different test methods were not comparable between the Member States. Therefore no overall prevalence of slaughter pigs with antibodies against Salmonella could be estimated for this group of Member States. At the Member States' level the prevalence of slaughter pigs with antibodies against Salmonella ranged from 3.5% to 33.3%.The diversity of isolated Salmonella serovars in slaughter pig lymph nodes was big and in total 87 different serovars were isolated in the European Union. The five most frequently isolated Salmonella serovars from lymph nodes in the European Union were respectively in decreasing order S. Typhimurium, S. Derby, S. Rissen, S. 4,[5], 12:i:- and S. Enteritidis. All these serovars, with the exception of S. Rissen, are frequent causes of Salmonella infections in humans within the European Union. S. Typhimurium and S. Derby serovars were highly predominant in lymph nodes; S. Typhimurium being the most common serovar, detected in 40.0% of the Salmonellapositive slaughter pigs and reported by all 24 Salmonella-positive Member States. S. Derby accounted also for an important proportion of positive lymph nodes (14.6%) and was reported by 20 Salmonella- positive Member States.Together 30 different serovars were reported from the surface of the slaughter pig carcasses by the 13 Member States that carried out the test. The five most frequently isolated serovars from carcasses were respectively in decreasing order S. Typhimurium, S. Derby, S. Infantis, S. Bredeney and S. Brandenburg. The former three serovars are frequent causes of Salmonella infections in humans within the European Union. S. Typhimurium was the most common serovar isolated on the surface of the slaughter pig carcasses and detected in 49.4% of the Salmonella positive carcasses. The second most common serovar was S. Derby (24.3% of the positive carcasses). S. Typhimurium and S. Derby were also the most commonly reported ones in terms of the number of Member States, in total 10 of the 13 participating Member States.Salmonella infection in slaughter pigs has the potential to translate into Salmonella contamination of pig meat and lead to human disease. Intervention to reduce the prevalence of infection in pigs may reduce the number of human salmonellosis cases. Safe handing of raw meat and thorough cooking are important measures to minimise human health risks from Salmonella contaminated pig meat.The results of this baseline survey are suitable to be used for setting of targets for reduction of Salmonella in pigs. The Community legislation foresees setting of target for slaughter pigs regarding all Salmonella serovars with public health significance supported by a cost benefit analysis.