Spreading antibiotic resistance through spread manure: characteristics of a novel plasmid type with low %G plus C content
Spreading antibiotic resistance through spread manure: characteristics of a novel plasmid type with low %G plus C content
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01819.x
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发表时间：
2009-04-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Smalla, Kornelia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heuer, Holger;Kopmann, Christoph;Smalla, Kornelia
生物活性量的抗生素以及耐药细菌通过粪肥施肥到达土壤。我们研究了可能刺激抗生素耐药性的环境传播和种间转移的质粒。用粪肥处理两种土壤后，无论是否使用磺胺类抗生素磺胺嘧啶，通过qPCR检测到磺胺类抗性基因sul 2的拷贝数显著增加。所有sul 2携带质粒，捕获大肠杆菌从土壤中，属于一类新的自我转移复制子。施肥和磺胺嘧啶显着增加了这种复制子类型的丰度在化学施肥，但不是在每年施肥的土壤，如通过qPCR靶向转移基因。限制性内切酶图谱和酶切图谱显示了这一新质粒群的多样性。三个完整的质粒序列的分析表明，一个保守的30 kbp的骨干只有36%的G+C含量，包括转移和维持基因与质粒pIPO 2和复制模块（rep和oriV）的其他血统的中度同源性。这些质粒在27.0-28.3 kbp的辅助区的组成上不同，每个辅助区携带ISCR 2和几个抗性基因。不动杆菌属被鉴定为粪肥和土壤中这种LowGC型质粒的潜在宿主。
Bioactive amounts of antibiotics as well as resistant bacteria reach the soil through manure fertilization. We investigated plasmids that may stimulate the environmental spread and interspecies transfer of antibiotic resistance. After treatment of two soils with manure, either with or without the sulfonamide antibiotic sulfadiazine, a significant increase in copies of the sulfonamide resistance gene sul2 was detected by qPCR. All sul2 carrying plasmids, captured in Escherichia coli from soil, belonged to a novel class of self-transferable replicons. Manuring and sulfadiazine significantly increased the abundance of this replicon type in a chemically fertilized but not in an annually manured soil, as determined by qPCR targeting a transfer gene. Restriction patterns and antibiograms showed a considerable diversity within this novel plasmid group. Analysis of three complete plasmid sequences revealed a conserved 30 kbp backbone with only 36% G+C content, comprised of transfer and maintenance genes with moderate homology to plasmid pIPO2 and a replication module (rep and oriV) of other descent. The plasmids differed in composition of the 27.0-28.3 kbp accessory region, each of which carried ISCR2 and several resistance genes. Acinetobacter spp. was identified as a potential host of such LowGC-type plasmids in manure and soil.