Development of the Larval Amphibian Growth and Development Assay: Effects of benzophenone-2 exposure in Xenopus laevis from embryo to juvenile
Development of the Larval Amphibian Growth and Development Assay: Effects of benzophenone-2 exposure in Xenopus laevis from embryo to juvenile
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DOI：
10.1002/jat.3336
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发表时间：
2016-12-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Degitz, Sigmund J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Haselman, Jonathan T.;Sakurai, Maki;Degitz, Sigmund J.
两栖类幼虫生长发育试验（LAGDA）是由美国环境保护署与日本环境省合作开发的全球统一的化学测试指南，用于支持风险评估。该测定法被用作一种更高层次的方法，以评估在两栖动物模型物种非洲爪蟾的多个生命阶段慢性化学品暴露的影响。为了评价初始LAGDA设计的效用，使用混合作用模式的内分泌干扰化学品二苯甲酮-2（BP-2）进行测定。X.在流通条件下，将非洲乳鼠胚胎暴露于0、1.5、3.0或6.0 mg l（-1）BP-2，直至变态后2个月。由于死亡率升高和观察到的肝脏和肾脏病变，在6.0 mg l（-1）治疗的整个暴露期间明显的毒性是明显的。浓度依赖性增加甲状腺滤泡细胞肥大和增生的严重程度发生在幼蝌蚪，表明BP-2诱导的甲状腺轴的影响。此外，性腺在所有治疗中受到影响，一些遗传雄性显示睾丸和卵巢组织（1.5 mg l（-1）），100%的遗传雄性在3.0和6.0 mg l（-1）治疗中经历完全的雄性到雌性的性逆转。浓度依赖性卵黄蛋白原诱导发生在两种性别的肝脏，肾脏和性腺，这可能是卵黄蛋白原和其他雌激素反应性卵黄蛋白相关的蛋白质积累。这是第一项证明这种混合作用模式化学品对两栖动物物种的内分泌影响的研究，并证明了LAGDA设计在支持化学品风险评估方面的实用性。版权所有（c）2016 John Wiley & Sons，Ltd.两栖类幼虫生长发育试验（LAGDA）是全球统一的化学测试指南，用于生成生态风险评估的顶端效应数据。使用LAGDA通过暴露非洲爪蟾胚胎直到变态后两个月来测试二苯甲酮-2（BP-2）。BP-2引起幼虫甲状腺病理。肝脏和肾脏的病理是目前在接触青少年，可能是由于积累的雌激素反应蛋黄蛋白。在3.0和6.0 mg l（-1）处理中，所有遗传雄性均为性反表型雌性。
The Larval Amphibian Growth and Development Assay (LAGDA) is a globally harmonized chemical testing guideline developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in collaboration with Japan's Ministry of Environment to support risk assessment. The assay is employed as a higher tiered approach to evaluate effects of chronic chemical exposure throughout multiple life stages in a model amphibian species, Xenopus laevis. To evaluate the utility of the initial LAGDA design, the assay was performed using a mixed mode of action endocrine disrupting chemical, benzophenone-2 (BP-2). X. laevis embryos were exposed in flow-through conditions to 0, 1.5, 3.0 or 6.0 mg l(-1) BP-2 until 2 months post-metamorphosis. Overt toxicity was evident throughout the exposure period in the 6.0 mg l(-1) treatment due to elevated mortality rates and observed liver and kidney pathologies. Concentration-dependent increases in severity of thyroid follicular cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia occurred in larval tadpoles indicating BP-2-induced impacts on the thyroid axis. Additionally, gonads were impacted in all treatments with some genetic males showing both testis and ovary tissues (1.5 mg l(-1)) and 100% of the genetic males in the 3.0 and 6.0 mg l(-1) treatments experiencing complete male-to-female sex reversal. Concentration-dependent vitellogenin induction occurred in both genders with associated accumulations of protein in the livers, kidneys and gonads, which was likely vitellogenin and other estrogen-responsive yolk proteins. This is the first study that demonstrates the endocrine effects of this mixed mode of action chemical in an amphibian species and demonstrates the utility of the LAGDA design for supporting chemical risk assessment. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.The Larval Amphibian Growth and Development Assay (LAGDA) is a globally harmonized chemical testing guideline used to generate apical effect data for ecological risk assessment. Benzophenone-2 (BP-2) was tested using the LAGDA by exposing Xenopus laevis embryos until two months post-metamorphosis. BP-2 caused thyroid gland pathology in larvae. Liver and kidney pathologies were present in exposed juveniles, likely due to accumulations of estrogen-responsive yolk proteins. All genetic males int the 3.0 and 6.0 mg l(-1) treatments were sex-reversed phenotypic females.