The roles of alcohol in the epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases.
The roles of alcohol in the epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases.
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酒精在心血管疾病流行病学中的作用。
DOI：
10.1111/j.0954-6820.1987.tb13044.x
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发表时间：
1987
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Criqui,MH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Criqui,MH
酒精，无论是单独饮用还是与其他物质缺乏或过量一起使用，都可能导致心肌病。此外，酒精还能直接影响心脏传导系统，产生心律失常。酒精还影响中风和冠心病(CHD)的已知危险因素。酒精会增加血压，从而可能导致高血压，从而增加中风的风险。与冠心病风险呈负相关的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇会随着酒精的增加而增加，而与冠心病风险呈正相关的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇可能会随着酒精的增加而降低，这是一种潜在的双重保护作用。然而，病例对照和基于人群的研究都表明，只有适度的饮酒量（定义为每天喝两杯或更少）可能是有益的。脂质研究诊所随访研究的初步数据表明，适量饮酒的有益作用可能部分是由高密度脂蛋白胆固醇增加介导的，部分是由另一个因素介导的，可能会减少凝血。除了流行病学数据外，临床和实验室数据表明，每天饮酒超过两杯会导致过量的心血管疾病 (CVD)，这可能反映了高凝状态以及较高水平摄入的高血压。由于酒精会导致 CVD 以及其他几种疾病和病症的发病率和死亡率过高，因此公共卫生政策应继续劝阻饮酒，尤其是非适度饮酒。
Alcohol, both alone and in concert with deficiencies or excesses of other substances, can produce cardiomyopathy. In addition, alcohol can directly affect the cardiac‐conduction system and produce arrhythmias. A Icohol also affects kno wn risk factors for stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD). Alcohol increases blood pressure, which may lead to hypertension and thus increase the risk of stroke. HDL cholesterol, which is inversely related to CHD risk, increases with alcohol, and LDL cholesterol, which is positively related to CHD risk, may decrease with alcohol, a potentially dually protective effect. However, both case‐control and population based studies indicate only moderate levels of consumption, defined as two drinks per day or less, may be of benefit.Preliminary data from the Lipid Research Clinics Follow‐up Study suggest that the beneficial effect of moderate amounts of alcohol may be mediated in part by increased HDL cholesterol and in part by another factor, possibly reduced coagulation. Clinical and laboratory data, in addition to epidemiologic data, suggest alcohol intake above two drinks per day leads to excess cardiovascular disease (CVD), probably reflecting hypercoagulability as well as hypertension at higher levels of intake.Because alcohol can lead to excess morbidity and mortality from CVD as well as several other diseases and conditions, public health policy should continue to discourage the drinking of alcohol, especially non‐moderate consumption.