In-depth real-world bicycle accident reconstructions
In-depth real-world bicycle accident reconstructions
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DOI：
10.1080/13588265.2013.805293
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发表时间：
2014-05-04
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Willinger, R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bourdet, N.;Deck, C.;Willinger, R.
在鼓励大规模使用自行车以发展生态友好型环境的背景下，今天正面临着一系列障碍。据观察，研究人员和政府发现的这些障碍之一包括“道路安全”。因此，有必要为骑自行车的人特别是头段建立保护制度。目前，关于真实事故情况下的头部撞击载荷的研究很少。因此，这项工作的目的是通过遵循一种重建真实世界事故的方法学来提高对自行车手头部创伤的认识。一个步骤是在发生真正事故的情况下识别头部碰撞的初始状态。提取头部撞击速度和头部撞击面积，并在上一代头部损伤预测工具中实现，通过斯特拉斯堡大学有限元头部模型(SUFEHM)直接撞击车辆结构来模拟头部创伤。本研究可分为三个活动，即从深入的事故调查数据库中获取真实的自行车骑行者事故数据，重建骑自行车者的身体运动学以获得碰撞前头部的初始状态，以及模拟头部碰撞以评估碰撞过程中的头部负荷和受伤风险。从法国和德国的事故数据库中挑选了24起自行车车手头部受伤的事故案例。对于每个事故案例，都使用Madymo(R)软件对人体运动学进行了模拟。使用了两个人体多体模型：IFSTTAR使用自己开发的人体模型重建了8个事故案例，Unstra使用人类行人TNO模型重建了18个事故案例。结果表明，头部最常撞击顶区，平均撞击速度为6.8+/-2.7m/S，其中正切向分量为5.5+/-3.0m/S，切向分量为3.4+/-2.1m/S。在这些实际事故中，选取了19个案例进行有限元计算，耦合了人头模型和从文献中提取其属性的挡风玻璃模型。所有重建的头部撞击结果与受害者实际遭受的损害一致。
Use of bicycles on a large scale, encouraged in the context to develop an eco-friendly environment, is facing today a range of barriers. One of these barriers identified by researchers and governments is observed to include 'road safety'. Hence, it is necessary to set up a protection system for bicyclists especially for the cephalic segment. Currently only few studies are available concerning the head impact loading in case of real accidents. Therefore, the objective of this work is to improve the knowledge of bicyclist head trauma by following a methodology to reconstruct real-world accidents. A step is to identify the initial condition of head impact in case of real accidents. Head impact velocity and head impact area are extracted and implemented in the last generation of head injury prediction tool to simulate the head trauma by impacting directly the Strasbourg University Finite Element Head Model (SUFEHM) on the vehicle structures. The present study can be divided into three activities, i.e. obtain real bicyclist accidents' data issued from in-depth accident investigation databases, reconstruct cyclist body kinematics to obtain the initial conditions of the head just before the impact, and simulate head impact to evaluate the head loading during impact and the injury risk. A total of 24 bicyclists' accident cases with head injuries have been selected from both French and German accident databases. For each accident case, body kinematics has been simulated using Madymo (R) software. Two human multi-body models were used: 8 accident cases have been reconstructed by IFSTTAR using its owned developed human model and 18 accident cases have been reconstructed by Unistra using the human pedestrian TNO model. The results show that head is impacted more often on top parietal zone, and the mean impact velocity is 6.8 +/- 2.7m/s with 5.5 +/- 3.0m/s and 3.4 +/- 2.1m/s for normal and tangential components, respectively. Among these real accidents, 19 cases were selected for finite element computations by coupling the human head model and a windscreen model whose properties were extracted from literature. All reconstructed head impact gave results in accordance with the damage actually incurred to the victims.