Application of the "see one, do one, teach one" concept in surgical training.
Application of the "see one, do one, teach one" concept in surgical training.
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“看一、做一、教一”理念在外科培训中的应用。
DOI：
10.1097/prs.0b013e318287a0b3
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发表时间：
2013-05
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Chung KC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kotsis SV;Chung KC
传统的外科教学方法被称为“看一个，做一个，教一个”。然而，许多人认为这种方法不再适用，主要是因为担心患者的安全。本文的目的是表明，传统的教学方法的基础仍然是有效的外科培训，如果它与各种成人学习原则相结合。我们回顾了有关外科住院医师计划形成的历史、成人学习原则、指导和医学模拟的文献。我们提供的例子，这些学习技术可以纳入外科住院医师培训计划。威廉·霍尔斯特德博士创建的外科住院医师计划几乎保持不变，直到最近才减少了住院医师的工作时间，并改变了以能力为基础的培训系统。这些变化减少了主治医生和住院医生之间的教学时间。学习原则，如“经验，观察，思考和行动”以及刻意练习可以用来训练居民。指导也是外科技术教学的一个重要方面。我们回顾了不同类型的模拟器：标准化患者，虚拟现实应用程序，高保真人体模型模拟器和使用它们的优点和缺点。传统的外科住院医师“看一、做一、教一”的教学方法虽然简单，但仍然适用。它需要随着医疗系统当前的变化而发展，以充分培训外科住院医生，并为患者提供安全，循证护理。
The traditional method of teaching in Surgery is known as “See One, Do One, Teach One.” However, many have argued that this method is no longer applicable mainly because of concerns for patient safety. The purpose of this paper is to show that the basis of the traditional teaching method is still valid in surgical training if it is combined with various adult learning principles. We reviewed literature regarding the history of the formation of the surgical residency program, adult learning principles, mentoring, and medical simulation. We provide examples for how these learning techniques can be incorporated into a surgical resident training program. The surgical residency program created by Dr. William Halsted remained virtually unchanged until recently with reductions in resident work hours and changes to a competency-based training system. Such changes have reduced the teaching time between attending physicians and residents. Learning principles such as “Experience, Observation, Thinking and Action” as well as deliberate practice can be used to train residents. Mentoring is also an important aspect in teaching surgical technique. We review the different types of simulators: standardized patients, virtual reality applications, and high-fidelity mannequin simulators and the advantages and disadvantages of using them. The traditional teaching method of “see one, do one, teach one” in surgical residency programs is simple but still applicable. It needs to evolve with current changes in the medical system to adequately train surgical residents and also provide patients with safe, evidence-based care.