Relative rate of expansion controls speed in one-dimensional pedestrian following.
Relative rate of expansion controls speed in one-dimensional pedestrian following.
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DOI：
10.1167/jov.23.10.3
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发表时间：
2023-09-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
人群行为模式被认为是行人之间局部互动的结果。许多研究已经调查了相互作用的局部规则，如转向、避让和对齐，但行人在跟随他人时如何控制自己的行走速度仍然没有得到解决。大多数行人模型假设其他人的物理速度和距离作为输入。本研究将这种“全知”模型与基于光学变量的“视觉”模型进行了比较。我们对行人和汽车跟车文献中的八种速度控制模型进行了实验测试。行走的参与者被要求在虚拟环境中跟随一位领导者(一根移动的杆子)，而领导者的速度在试验过程中受到干扰。在实验一中，引导者的初始距离是不同的。每种模型都与数据进行了拟合和比较。结果表明，基于光学扩展()的视觉模型在跨条件的速度上具有最小的均方根误差，而其他模型在更远的距离上误差更大。在实验2中，引线的大小(杆径)是不同的。基于相对扩张率()的模型比扩张率模型()表现得更好，因为它对领导者的大小不那么敏感。综上所述，这些结果表明，行人在一维跟随中直接使用相对伸缩率来控制自己的行走速度，而不是使用领先者的远端速度和距离。
Patterns of crowd behavior are believed to result from local interactions between pedestrians. Many studies have investigated the local rules of interaction, such as steering, avoiding, and alignment, but how pedestrians control their walking speed when following another remains unsettled. Most pedestrian models assume the physical speed and distance of others as input. The present study compares such “omniscient” models with “visual” models based on optical variables. We experimentally tested eight speed control models from the pedestrian- and car-following literature. Walking participants were asked to follow a leader (a moving pole) in a virtual environment, while the leader's speed was perturbed during the trial. In Experiment 1, the leader's initial distance was varied. Each model was fit to the data and compared. The results showed that visual models based on optical expansion () had the smallest root mean square error in speed across conditions, whereas other models exhibited increased error at longer distances. In Experiment 2, the leader's size (pole diameter) was varied. A model based on the relative rate of expansion () performed better than the expansion rate model (), because it is less sensitive to leader size. Together, the results imply that pedestrians directly control their walking speed in one-dimensional following using relative rate of expansion, rather than the distal speed and distance of the leader.
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影响因子：
2.7
作者：
GAZIS, DC;HERMAN, R;ROTHERY, RW
通讯作者：
ROTHERY, RW
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Lagarias, JC;Reeds, JA;Wright, PE
通讯作者：
Wright, PE
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
HERMAN, R;MONTROLL, EW;ROTHERY, RW
通讯作者：
ROTHERY, RW
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Ducourant, T;Vieilledent, S;Berthoz, A
通讯作者：
Berthoz, A
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
HEUER, H
通讯作者：
HEUER, H