Exposure to nature versus relaxation during lunch breaks and recovery from work: development and design of an intervention study to improve workers' health, well-being, work performance and creativity
Exposure to nature versus relaxation during lunch breaks and recovery from work: development and design of an intervention study to improve workers' health, well-being, work performance and creativity
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2458-14-488
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发表时间：
2014-05-22
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Korpela, Kalevi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Bloom, Jessica;Kinnunen, Ulla;Korpela, Kalevi
背景：本研究的目的是了解和改善工人从工作压力中的恢复。虽然午休时间是工作日内最常见的休息时间，但它只得到了很少的研究关注。因此，我们将研究包括放松会议或接触大自然的午餐休息是否比通常的午餐休息更有利的结果：a）恢复过程，B）健康，c）幸福，d）工作表现和e）创造力。我们的方法恢复工作和环境psychology.Methods/Design的理论框架相结合：我们进行干预研究的样本268知识型员工谁从事不同的午休活动，每天15分钟，连续两周。我们将参与者随机分配到三个实验条件：1）暴露于大自然，2）放松和3）控制组（午餐休息时间照常度过）。干预前后的在线问卷评估了恢复过程和主要结果变量的长期变化。在干预之前、期间和之后，SMS和纸笔问卷每天四次以较少的项目测量相同的结构。我们还测量血压和收集唾液样本，以绘制整个干预期间的皮质醇排泄。定时实验任务（即，替代用途任务）被用来检查干预期后三组之间的创造力差异。讨论：通过结合工作和环境心理学关于恢复和恢复经验的知识，通过融合三种恢复观点，（设置、过程和结果），并通过使用数据三角测量，我们产生有效的结果，拓宽了我们对恢复机制的看法，并加强了我们对它们与心理，行为和生理结果之间联系的理解，从而对工作压力恢复的总体情况有了更全面的了解。
Background: The objective of this research project is to understand and to improve workers' recovery from work stress. Although recovery during lunch breaks is the most common within-workday break, it has received only minor research attention. Therefore, we will study whether lunch breaks including a relaxation session or exposure to nature have more favorable outcomes than usually spent lunch breaks concerning: a) recovery processes, b) health, c) well-being, d) job performance and e) creativity. We approach recovery by combining the theoretical frameworks of work and environmental psychology.Methods/Design: We conduct an intervention study in a sample of 268 knowledge-workers who engage in different lunch break activities for 15-minutes per day, two weeks in a row. We randomly assign participants to three experimental conditions: 1) exposure to nature, 2) relaxation and 3) control group (lunch break spent as usual). Online questionnaires before and after the intervention assess long term changes regarding recovery processes and the major outcome variables. Before, during and after the intervention, SMS and paper-pencil questionnaires measure the same constructs four times a day with fewer items. We also measure blood pressure and collect saliva samples to map cortisol excretion across the intervention period. A timed experimental task (i.e., the Alternative Uses Task) is used to examine differences in creativity between the three groups after the intervention period.Discussion: By combining the knowledge of work and environmental psychology about recovery and restorative experiences, by merging three recovery perspectives (settings, processes, and outcomes) and by using data triangulation, we produce valid results that broaden our view on mechanisms underlying recovery and enhance our understanding about their links to psychological, behavioural and physiological outcomes, resulting in a more comprehensive picture of work stress recovery in general.