Beyond the prison-house of language: Discourse as a sociological concept
Beyond the prison-house of language: Discourse as a sociological concept
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DOI：
10.2307/591080
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发表时间：
1996-12-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Chalaby, JK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chalaby, JK
话语概念的正确社会学定义并不存在，因为这个概念从未脱离过语言领域。不仅语言学家和符号学家，而且社会学家也主要将这个词用作语言类别。本文试图从社会学角度对话语的概念进行定义。有人认为，社会学定义的概念应该与语言领域分离。作为一个语言类别，“话语”要么用作语言或文本的同义词，要么与这些概念之一密切相关。社会学意义上的“话语”应该指一类文本。这个定义赋予话语概念一个互文的维度。通过这种方式定义，范畴不仅可以成为一个可操作的社会学概念，而且可以变得自治，不再可以还原为语言或副语言的概念实体，例如文本或语言。概念不再局限于语言领域，它可以指定一个拥有自己存在的特定实体。话语本身可以成为事物。论证分为三个部分。第一个是对“话语”概念当前定义的批评。作为替代方案，第二个提出了话语的社会学定义。最后，第三部分将这个新定义应用到新闻的社会学分析中。
A properly sociological definition of the concept of discourse does not exist because the notion has never been detached from the linguistic sphere. Not only linguists and semiologists, but also sociologists, use the word primarily as a linguistic category. This article attempts to define the concept of discourse sociologically. It is argued that a sociologically defined notion should be dissociated from the linguistic realm. As a linguistic category, 'discourse' is either used as a synonym for language or text, or is closely associated with one of these notions. 'Discourse' in a sociological sense should refer to a class of texts. This definition confers upon the concept of discourse an intertextual dimension. Defined in this way, the category can not only become an operative sociological concept, but it also becomes autonomous and is no longer reducible to linguistic or para-linguistic conceptual entities, such as text or language. No longer confined to the linguistic realm, the concept can designate a particular entity which possesses its own existence. Discourse can become a thing in itself. The argument is presented in three parts. The first is a critique of the current definitions of the concept 'discourse'. The second proposes, as an alternative, a sociological definition of discourse. Finally the third part applies this new definition in a sociological analysis of journalism.