Fall–winter collection of two salmonid species: seasonal changes in population densities in four tributaries of the Kushiro river system
Fall–winter collection of two salmonid species: seasonal changes in population densities in four tributaries of the Kushiro river system
复制标题
两种鲑鱼的秋冬采集：钏路川水系四个支流种群密度的季节性变化
DOI：
10.1007/s10228-013-0377-4
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
K. Morita
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Sahashi;K. Morita
在秋季和冬季，许多地区的河流鱼类所面临的环境条件变化很大，可能包括非常低的水温或结冰（Brown et al. 2011）。这种极端情况可导致越冬死亡率增加（Hurst 2007）。为了尽量减少这种情况，生活在溪流中的鱼类已经形成了物候反应，以应对冬季出现的变化条件（Huusko et al. 2007; Shuter et al. 2012）。在缺乏直接行为观察的情况下，种群密度的季节性变化提供了鱼类反应行为谱的间接证据。此外，种群密度的季节性变化可能通过密度依赖效应影响种群过程（Bailey et al. 2010）。许多研究已经评估了春季和秋季之间河流栖息鲑鱼种群密度的季节性变化（例如，Niemelä等人，2001年）。然而，很少有研究调查秋季和冬季人口密度的季节性变化，特别是在社区一级。Morita et al.（2011）研究了Shoro河水系中三种鲑鱼（白斑鲑Salvelinus leucomaenis leucomaenis）、马苏鲑Oncorhynchus masou和虹鳟Oncorhynchus mykiss)密度的年度季节性变化。作者注意到，在秋季和冬季之间，两条支流的白斑鲑的密度都有所下降，而在这段时间里，两条河流的温暖地区的马苏鲑鱼和虹鳟鱼的密度却有所增加。然而，不幸的是，这项研究缺乏空间复制，因为作者只能比较两条支流之间人口密度的季节性变化。因此，鲑鱼密度与冬季水温之间的关系仍然知之甚少。为了解决这一问题，我们评估了日本北海道东部钏路河水系4条支流秋冬季节白斑鲑和马苏鲑两种鲑鱼种群密度和比例的季节变化。白斑鲑（以下简称“charr”）和马苏鲑（以下简称“salmon”）是钏路河水系的优势种，通常是对称分布的（Hariu 2010）。实地研究在四条支流中进行：Hitominai溪、Oriyomappu溪、Ooshima溪和Minamitawa溪（见Sahashi和Morita 2013：图1）。采样河段包括每条支流中这两个物种的典型生物群落（参见Sahashi和Morita 2013年电子补充资料中四条支流的非生物特征）。研究河段长度为80米，分别为仁内溪、大岛溪和南川溪。Oriyomappu小溪的河段长度秋季为55 m，冬季为27.5 m。在每个支流研究河段，我们在河床上部署了固定数据记录仪（Stow-Away TidbiT; Onset Computer Corp., Bourne, Massachusetts， USA），在2010年6月1日至9月4日以及2011年11月1日至2月1日每小时测量一次水温。
The environmental conditions faced by stream-dwelling fish in many regions are highly variable during fall and winter, and may include very low water temperatures or ice formation (Brown et al. 2011). Such extremes can result in increased overwinter mortality (Hurst 2007). To minimize this, stream-dwelling fish have developed phenology responses to cope with the variable conditions seen during winter (Huusko et al. 2007; Shuter et al. 2012). In the absence of direct behavioral observation, seasonal changes in population density provide indirect evidence of behavioral repertoires in fish response. Moreover, the seasonal changes in population density may influence population processes via a density-dependent effect (Bailey et al. 2010). Numerous studies have evaluated the seasonal change in population densities in stream-dwelling salmonids between spring and fall (eg, Niemelä et al. 2001). However, few studies have investigated seasonal changes in population density during fall and winter, especially at the community level. Morita et al.(2011) examined the annual seasonal change in the densities of three salmonid species (white-spotted charr Salvelinus leucomaenis leucomaenis, masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou, and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Shoro river system. The authors noted that the density of white-spotted charr decreased in both tributaries between fall and winter, whereas the densities of masu salmon and rainbow trout increased in the warmer of the two streams during this period. Unfortunately, however, the study lacked spatial replication as the authors were only able to compare seasonal changes in population densities between two tributaries. Thus, the relationship between salmonid densities and water temperature in winter remains poorly understood. To address this, we evaluated the seasonal changes in the population density and ratio of two salmonid species, white-spotted charr and masu salmon, between fall and winter in four tributaries of the Kushiro river system, eastern Hokkaido, Japan.White-spotted charr (hereafter charr) and masu salmon (hereafter salmon) are the dominant species within the Kushiro river system and generally occur sympatrically (Hariu 2010). The field study was conducted in four tributaries: Hitominai Stream, Oriyomappu Stream, Ooshima Stream, and Minamitawa Stream (see Sahashi and Morita 2013: fig. 1). The sampling reaches included the typical biotopes of the two species in each tributary (see abiotic characteristics of the four tributaries in the electronic supplementary material of Sahashi and Morita 2013). The length of the study reaches was 80 m in Hitominai Stream, Ooshima Stream, and Minamitawa Stream. The length of the reaches at Oriyomappu Stream was 55 m in fall and 27.5 m in winter. In each tributary study reach, we deployed fixed data loggers (Stow-Away TidbiT; Onset Computer Corp., Bourne, Massachusetts, USA) on the stream bed to measure water temperature at hourly intervals between 1 June and 4 September 2010, and 1 November and 1 February 2011.
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Aaron M. Christ
通讯作者：
Aaron M. Christ