The temporal dynamics of resource use by frugivorous birds: a network approach
The temporal dynamics of resource use by frugivorous birds: a network approach
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DOI：
10.1890/07-1939.1
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发表时间：
2009-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Melian, Carlos J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carnicer, Jofre;Jordano, Pedro;Melian, Carlos J.
生态网络模式受到以不同时间速率运行的不同过程的影响。在这里，我们分析了当地的丰度变化，季节性表型的塑料反应，和物种进化适应的耦合效应是否可能采取一致行动，以塑造网络模式。我们研究了时间序列的28个植物-食果动物的相互作用网络，跨越两年的地中海灌木群落中的鸟类物种（每种相互作用的数量，相互作用的强度和相互作用的不对称性）的相互作用特性的时间变化。三个主要的假设处理网络属性的时间变化进行了测试，研究的影响，丰富的替代食品资源之间的切换行为，和形态特征，在确定消费者的互动模式。我们的研究结果表明，消费者互动模式的时间变化是由资源和鸟类丰度的短期变化和替代资源（多肉水果和昆虫）之间的季节性饮食切换来解释的。此外，喙形态的差异与资源之间的切换行为的差异，这表明觅食适应在确定网络模式的重要作用。我们认为，喙形状的适应可能会决定通才和专家的喂养行为，从而在网络中的消费者物种的位置。最后，我们提供了一个初步的框架来解释植物-动物网络中的系统发育信号。事实上，我们表明，网络中的系统发育信号的强度取决于丰度，行为和形态变量的相对重要性。我们发现，这些变量在其系统发育信号强烈不同。因此，我们认为，适度和显着的系统发育效应应普遍观察到的物种相互作用的网络。
Ecological network patterns are influenced by diverse processes that operate at different temporal rates. Here we analyzed whether the coupled effect of local abundance variation, seasonally phenotypic plastic responses, and species evolutionary adaptations might act in concert to shape network patterns. We studied the temporal variation in three interaction properties of bird species (number of interactions per species, interaction strength, and interaction asymmetry) in a temporal sequence of 28 plant-frugivore interaction networks spanning two years in a Mediterranean shrubland community. Three main hypotheses dealing with the temporal variation of network properties were tested, examining the effects of abundance, switching behavior between alternative food resources, and morphological traits in determining consumer interaction patterns. Our results demonstrate that temporal variation in consumer interaction patterns is explained by short-term variation in resource and bird abundances and seasonal dietary switches between alternative resources (fleshy fruits and insects). Moreover, differences in beak morphology are associated with differences in switching behavior between resources, suggesting an important role of foraging adaptations in determining network patterns. We argue that beak shape adaptations might determine generalist and specialist feeding behaviors and thus the positions of consumer species within the network. Finally, we provide a preliminary framework to interpret phylogenetic signal in plant-animal networks. Indeed, we show that the strength of the phylogenetic signal in networks depends on the relative importance of abundance, behavioral, and morphological variables. We show that these variables strongly differ in their phylogenetic signal. Consequently, we suggest that moderate and significant phylogenetic effects should be commonly observed in networks of species interactions.