The performance of protected areas for biodiversity under climate change Protected Areas Under Climate Change
The performance of protected areas for biodiversity under climate change Protected Areas Under Climate Change
复制标题
气候变化下生物多样性保护区的表现 气候变化下的保护区
DOI：
10.1111/bij.12510
复制
发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Thomas C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Thomas C
全球环境变化一直在推动物种分布和生物群落组成的大规模变化。这使保护区的持续价值受到质疑，因为保护区保持静止，而物种则会移动，并且预计在未来气候情景下会继续移动。我们认为，在过去40年的人为气候变化的观测性能的PA的经验证据。尽管一些人口和物种的损失，保护区继续容纳许多物种，这些物种已经转移到更高的海拔，向极面向方面，并进入保护区内的凉爽的微生境，因为气候变暖。即使物种在某些保护区减少，它们在保护区内往往比在保护区外更丰富。此外，一些保护区的损失被其他保护区的增加所抵消。随着物种在破碎的景观中扩大其范围以应对气候变暖，大多数物种都在不成比例地殖民保护区。因此，保护区网络是合适的繁殖条件和促进范围转移的垫脚石，许多物种作为一个整体在保护区网络中受到保护。最后，有一些证据表明，对保护区进行适当的管理可能能够减缓与气候有关的下降并加速扩张。保护区内物种对环境变化作出反应的40年跟踪记录表明，保护区网络对生物多样性的保护至关重要，并有可能在今后继续发挥这一作用。管理者面临的挑战将是考虑保留现有物种和鼓励新物种定居之间的平衡。
Global environmental changes have been driving large-scale shifts in the distributions of species and in the composition of biological communities. This has thrown the continuing value of Protected Areas (PAs) into question, given that PAs remain static, whereas species move, and they are predicted to continue to move under future climate scenarios. We consider empirical evidence on the observed performance of PAs during the last 40 years of anthropogenic climate change. Despite some losses of populations and species, PAs have continued to accommodate many species, which have shifted to higher elevations, to polewards-facing aspects, and into cooler microhabitats within PAs as the climate has warmed. Even when species have declined in some PAs, they often remain more abundant inside than outside PAs. Furthermore, losses from some PAs are offset by increases in others. As species expand their ranges polewards across fragmented landscapes in response to climate warming, the majority are disproportionately colonizing PAs as they go. Hence, PA networks are acting as stepping-stones of suitable breeding conditions and facilitating range shifts, with many species remaining protected across PA networks as a whole. Finally, there is some evidence that appropriate management of PAs may be able to slow climate-related declines and accelerate expansions. The 40-year track record of species responding to environmental change in PAs suggests that networks of PAs have been essential to biodiversity conservation and are likely to continue to fulfil this role in the future. The challenge for managers will be to consider the balance between retaining current species and encouraging colonization by new species.