Report on the Banbury Summit Meeting on medical genetics training in the genomic era, 23-26 February 2014.
Report on the Banbury Summit Meeting on medical genetics training in the genomic era, 23-26 February 2014.
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DOI：
10.1038/gim.2017.38
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发表时间：
2017-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Watson MS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Korf BR;Blitzer MG;Demmer LA;Feldman GL;Watson MS
ABMG 成立于 1980 年。从 1984 年到 1995 年，它对所有医学遗传学培训项目进行了认证，并负责管理所有培训项目毕业生的认证考试。一开始，多个培训和认证类别得到认可，并提供临床遗传学、临床生化遗传学、临床细胞遗传学和遗传咨询方面的证书（图1）。医生可以获得临床遗传学家的认证，医生或博士可以通过临床细胞遗传学和临床生化遗传学的单独培训和认证获得临床实验室遗传学家的认证。博士也可以被认证为医学遗传学家。 1993 年，ABMG 负责管理遗传咨询师的认证考试；他们没有认可遗传咨询培训计划，但批准了临床培训地点。 1990年临床分子遗传学被批准为新实验室专业；第一次认证考试是与临床生化遗传学联合考试，然后在 1993 年，临床分子遗传学认证作为第三个不同的实验室专业提供。 2005年以后，由于学员数量减少，不再提供医学遗传学博士学位认证。 1991年，ABMG被ABMS接纳为第24个专业委员会成员。随后，研究生医学教育认证委员会（ACGME）通过成立医学遗传学住院医师审查委员会，承担了医学遗传学住院医师培训项目的认证责任。 ABMG 继续作为所有医学遗传学专业的认证机构，并继续对医学遗传学实验室培训项目进行认证。美国遗传咨询委员会于 1993 年成立，并于 1996 年承担了独立认证遗传咨询师的角色。该委员会于 1995 年开始对遗传咨询研究生课程进行正式认证。1999 年，由 ABMG 和美国病理学委员会赞助的分子遗传病理学新专业获得了 ABMS 的批准，其培训项目由 ACGME 认可，审查委员会由来自美国遗传咨询委员会的成员组成。医学遗传学和病理学住院医师审查委员会。由 ABMG 赞助的医学生化遗传学亚专业于 2007 年获得 ABMS 批准，并在医学遗传学住院医师审查委员会的支持下获得了 ACGME 认证。经 ABMS 正式批准，ABMG 于 2014 年更名为 ABMGG。自正式医学遗传学培训启动以来，新医学遗传学家数量的增长相对较小，但随着时间的推移，专业之间存在差异（图 2）。这个问题是之前班伯里医学遗传学会议的主题。 1, 2 临床细胞遗传学家的数量一直稳定，但越来越多的人获得临床细胞遗传学和临床分子遗传学的双重认证。寻求临床分子遗传学培训的人数有所增加。培训项目的资金有限，因此许多申请人很难找到受资助的培训职位。遗传咨询师的数量稳步增加，尽管不一定与将遗传学和基因组学纳入医疗实践的机会成正比，部分原因可能是遗传咨询服务计费方面的挑战以及遗传咨询师在工业中作用的扩大。
The ABMG was founded in 1980. From 1984 to 1995, it accredited all medical genetics training programs and was also responsible for administering the certification exams to all graduates of training programs. At the outset, multiple training and accreditation categories were recognized, and certificates offered in clinical genetics, clinical biochemical genetics, clinical cytogenetics, and genetic counseling (Figure 1). Physicians could achieve certification as clinical geneticists, and either physicians or PhDs could achieve certification as clinical laboratory geneticists, with separate training and certification in clinical cytogenetics and clinical biochemical genetics. PhDs could also be certified as medical geneticists. The ABMG administered the certification examinations for genetic counselors through 1993; they did not accredit genetic counseling training programs, but did approve sites for clinical training. In 1990 clinical molecular genetics was approved as a new laboratory specialty; the first certification exam was given as a joint examination with clinical biochemical genetics, and then in 1993 clinical molecular genetics certification was offered as a third distinct laboratory specialty. PhD medical genetics certification was not offered after 2005 due to a dwindling number of trainees. The ABMG was accepted by the ABMS as the 24th member specialty board in 1991. Subsequently, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) assumed responsibility for the accreditation of medical genetics residency training programs by establishing a medical genetics residency review committee. The ABMG continued to be the certifying organization for all medical genetics specialties and continued to accredit medical genetics laboratory training programs. The American Board of Genetic Counseling was incorporated in 1993 and took on the role of independently certifying genetic counselors in 1996. Formal accreditation of genetic counseling graduate programs by this board began in 1995. In 1999, a new subspecialty in molecular genetic pathology, sponsored by the ABMG and the AmericanBoard of Pathology, was approved by the ABMS, with training programs accredited by the ACGME by a review committee comprised members drawn from the medical genetics and pathology residency review committee. A subspecialty in medical biochemical genetics, sponsored by the ABMG, was approved by the ABMS in 2007, with ACGME accreditation under the aegis of the medical genetics residency review committee. The ABMG, with formal approval from the ABMS, changed its name to the ABMGG in 2014. In the time since the initiation of formal medical genetics training, growth in the number of new medical geneticists has been relatively small, though with variability between specialties over time (Figure 2). This issue was the subject of previous Banbury meetings on medical genetics. 1, 2 Numbers of clinical cytogeneticists have been stable but more and more are becoming dual-certified in both clinical cytogenetics and clinical molecular genetics. The numbers seeking clinical molecular genetics training have grown. Training programs have limited funding, so many applicants have difficulty finding a funded training position. The number of genetic counselors has steadily increased, though not necessarily in proportion to the opportunity to incorporate genetics and genomics into medical practice, perhaps in part due to challenges in billing for genetic counseling services and the expanded role of genetic counselors in industry.