First phylogenetic analysis of the Nearctic madicolous midges of the genus Androprosopa Mik (Diptera: Thaumaleidae)
First phylogenetic analysis of the Nearctic madicolous midges of the genus Androprosopa Mik (Diptera: Thaumaleidae)
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对近北区 Androprosopa Mik 属吸虫（双翅目：Thaumaleidae）的首次系统发育分析
DOI：
10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107807
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Sinclair, Bradley J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Pivar, Robert J.;Moulton, John K.;Sinclair, Bradley J.
进行分子系统发育分析，以推断东部和西部NearcticAndroprosopaMik之间的关系，以及更多样化的西部Nearctic物种。新鲜的，分子级的材料，获得了所有NearcticAndroprosopaspecies除了两个墨西哥物种，一个。sonorensis（Arnaud & Boussy）和一枝枝兰（An.辛克莱尔和韦尔塔公司，逃过一劫。从两个核蛋白编码基因，大锌指（BZF）和钼辅因子硫酸化酶（MCS）的分子序列，从几个外群和内群类群的代表取样，并使用最大似然标准进行遗传学分析，以确认识别的女性和不成熟的使用条形码的方法，测试形态相似的物种之间的物种边界，并推断更多的形态不同的群体之间的关系。结果表明，具有显著节点（bootstrap）支持的结果如下：（1）东部NearcticAndroprosopaspecies形成了由所有采样的古北界thaumaleids组成的谱系的姐妹群，即，一个. larvata（Mik）、拟黑腹蛛An. striata（Okada）和Thaumalea testacea Ruthe;（2）上述谱系是由西部新北Androprosopaspecies组成的分支的姐妹群;（3）西部新北Androprosopaspecies形成3个多种谱系，其中两个谱系可进一步划分为3个或更多的有根据的种群。我们的研究结果表明，目前定义的Androprosapas是侧系。此外，我们提出了几个新的种组在西部NearcticAndroprosabased分子和形态数据。
Molecular phylogenetic analyses were conducted to infer relationships between the eastern and western NearcticAndroprosopaMik and amongst the considerably more diverse western Nearctic species. Fresh, molecular-grade material was obtained for all NearcticAndroprosopaspecies except two Mexican species,An. sonorensis(Arnaud & Boussy) andAn. zempoalaSinclair & Huerta, that eluded capture. Molecular sequences from two nuclear protein-coding genes, big zinc finger (BZF) and molybdenum cofactor sulfurase (MCS), were sampled from representatives of several outgroup and ingroup taxa and analyzed phylogenetically using maximum likelihood criteria to confirm identifications of females and immatures using a barcoding approach, test species boundaries among morphologically similar species, and infer relationships among more morphologically disparate groups. Resulting phylogenies suggest the following with significant node (bootstrap) support: (1) the eastern NearcticAndroprosopaspecies form the sister group to the lineage comprised of all sampled Palearctic thaumaleids, i.e.,An. larvata(Mik),An. striata(Okada), andThaumalea testaceaRuthe; (2) the aforementioned lineage is the sister group to the clade comprised of western NearcticAndroprosopaspecies; (3) the western NearcticAndroprosopaspecies form three multispecies lineages, two of which can be further divided into three or more well founded species groups. Our results suggest thatAndroprosopaas currently defined is paraphyletic. Additionally, we propose several new species groups within the western NearcticAndroprosopabased on molecular and morphological data.