The role of RNA editing enzyme ADAR1 in human disease.

The role of RNA editing enzyme ADAR1 in human disease.
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DOI:
10.1002/wrna.1665
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发表时间:
2022-01
期刊:
Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. RNA
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Nishikura K
Nishikura K
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Song B;Shiromoto Y;Minakuchi M;Nishikura K

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作用于RNA的腺苷脱氨酶(阿达尔)催化双链RNA(dsRNA)中腺苷到肌苷的转录后转化,这可导致编码序列中产生错义突变。最近的研究表明,ADAR 1的编辑依赖性功能保护dsRNA免受dsRNA传感分子的影响,并抑制先天免疫和干扰素介导的反应。这些ADAR 1功能的缺乏是自身炎性疾病如I型干扰素病Aicardi-Goutieres综合征和遗传性皮肤色素异常症的发病机制的基础。ADAR 1介导的内源性编码和非编码RNA编辑以及ADAR 1与DICER的独立编辑相互作用也可能具有致癌或肿瘤抑制作用,从而影响肿瘤增殖、侵袭和对免疫治疗的反应。ADAR 1在抑制干扰素应答和编辑病毒RNA中发挥的前病毒和抗病毒作用的组合改变了病毒形态发生和细胞对感染的易感性。本文综述了ADAR 1的结构和功能,重点是其在人类疾病通路中的地位及其疾病相关作用的机制。
Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) catalyzes the posttranscriptional conversion of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), which can lead to the creation of missense mutations in coding sequences. Recent studies show that editing-dependent functions of ADAR1 protect dsRNA from dsRNA-sensing molecules and inhibit innate immunity and the interferon-mediated response. Deficiency in these ADAR1 functions underlie the pathogenesis of autoinflammatory diseases such as the type I interferonopathies Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome and dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria. ADAR1-mediated editing of endogenous coding and noncoding RNA as well as ADAR1 editing-independent interactions with DICER can also have oncogenic or tumor suppressive effects that affect tumor proliferation, invasion, and response to immunotherapy. The combination of proviral and antiviral roles played by ADAR1 in repressing the interferon response and editing viral RNAs alters viral morphogenesis and cell susceptibility to infection. This review analyzes the structure and function of ADAR1 with a focus on its position in human disease pathways and the mechanisms of its disease-associated effects.
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