Behavioral Immunity Suppresses an Epizootic in Caribbean Spiny Lobsters
Behavioral Immunity Suppresses an Epizootic in Caribbean Spiny Lobsters
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0126374
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发表时间：
2015-06-10
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Shields, Jeffrey D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Butler, Mark J.;Behringer, Donald C., Jr.;Shields, Jeffrey D.
社会性在广泛的动物分类群中得到了进化，但传染病在个体聚集的群体中迅速传播，这可能会抵消它们社会互动的优势。为了摆脱与病原体的共同进化斗争，一些宿主进化出了各种形式的“行为免疫”。然而，这种行为在控制野外动物流行方面的有效性尚未经过测试。在这里，我们展示了加勒比大龙虾（Panulirus argus）在受到社会传播的 PaV1 病毒影响时所实行的一种行为免疫（即厌恶患病同种动物）似乎如何预防了大片海景的动物流行病。我们利用了一项“自然实验”，其中佛罗里达群岛（美国）海绵的死亡导致了大约 2500 公里(2) 区域内幼年龙虾栖息地的丧失。因此，龙虾集中在仅存的几个避难所，这可能增加了它们接触传染性病毒的机会。尽管种群在空间上进行了重组，但在海绵灭绝后以及此后的几年里，龙虾中的病毒流行率仍然没有变化。在一项现场实验中，我们将健康的或感染 PaV1 的龙虾引入自然巢穴的龙虾聚集体中，证实了大龙虾具有行为免疫能力。尽管缺乏替代庇护所，并且在寻找新巢穴时面临更高的被捕食风险，但健康的龙虾还是腾出了被 PaV1 感染的龙虾占据的巢穴。来自空间明确、基于个体的模型的模拟证实了我们的经验结果，证明了行为免疫在预防该系统中动物流行病方面的功效。
Sociality has evolved in a wide range of animal taxa but infectious diseases spread rapidly in populations of aggregated individuals, potentially negating the advantages of their social interactions. To disengage from the coevolutionary struggle with pathogens, some hosts have evolved various forms of "behavioral immunity"; yet, the effectiveness of such behaviors in controlling epizootics in the wild is untested. Here we show how one form of behavioral immunity (i.e., the aversion of diseased conspecifics) practiced by Caribbean spiny lobsters (Panulirus argus) when subject to the socially transmitted PaV1 virus, appears to have prevented an epizootic over a large seascape. We capitalized on a "natural experiment" in which a die-off of sponges in the Florida Keys (USA) resulted in a loss of shelters for juvenile lobsters over a similar to 2500km(2) region. Lobsters were thus concentrated in the few remaining shelters, presumably increasing their exposure to the contagious virus. Despite this spatial reorganization of the population, viral prevalence in lobsters remained unchanged after the sponge die-off and for years thereafter. A field experiment in which we introduced either a healthy or PaV1-infected lobster into lobster aggregations in natural dens confirmed that spiny lobsters practice behavioral immunity. Healthy lobsters vacated dens occupied by PaV1-infected lobsters despite the scarcity of alternative shelters and the higher risk of predation they faced when searching for a new den. Simulations from a spatially-explicit, individual-based model confirmed our empirical results, demonstrating the efficacy of behavioral immunity in preventing epizootics in this system.