The voice of deception: Vocal strategies of naive and able liars
The voice of deception: Vocal strategies of naive and able liars
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1024916214403
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发表时间：
1997-12-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Ciceri, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anolli, L;Ciceri, R
这项研究的目的是分析说谎者使用的主要发声线索和策略。31名男大学生被要求向一位法律专家提出对一张照片的质疑。受试者被要求在三种实验条件下描述图片：说真话(T)、默认时(L1)和可疑时(L2)对说话者撒谎。然后对发声进行数字化声学分析，以测量非语言发声变量。还分析了语言变量(词数、口才和不流利指数)。结果表明，欺骗刺激增加了F-0，更多的停顿和单词，以及更高的口才和流利指数。F-0涉及两种类型的谎言--有准备的和无准备的--确定了三类说谎者：优秀的说谎者、紧张的说谎者(在第一语言中更多)和过度控制的说谎者(在第二语言中更多)。有人认为，这些差异与撒谎这项复杂的任务有关，也与欺骗时控制情绪的需要有关。然而，说谎者努力控制他/她的声音，可能会导致他/她的语气被过度控制或完全失去控制(泄漏)。最后，本研究对好的说谎者使用的策略进行了解释，特别是对自欺欺人假说进行了解释。
The aim of this research was to analyze the main vocal cues and strategies used by a liar. 31 male university students were asked to raise doubts in an expert in law about a picture. The subjects were required to describe the picture in three experimental conditions: telling the truth (T) and lying to a speaker when acquiescent (L1) and when suspicious (L2). The utterances were then subjected to a digitized acoustic analysis in order to measure nonverbal vocal variables. Verbal variables were also analyzed (number of words, eloquency and disfluency index). Results showed that deception provoked an increment in F-0, a greater number of pauses and words, and higher eloquency and fluency indexes. The F-0 related to the two types of lie-prepared and unprepared-identified three classes of liars: good liars, tense liars (more numerous in L1), and overcontrolled liars (more numerous in L2). It is argued that these differences are correlated to the complex task of lying and the need to control one's emotions during deception. The liar's effort to control his/her voice, however, can lead to his/her tone being overcontrolled or totally lacking in control (leakage). Finally, the research forwards an explanation on the strategies used by the good liar and in particular treats the self-deception hypothesis.