Source Level of Antarctic Blue and Fin Whale Sounds Recorded on Sonobuoys Deployed in the Deep-Ocean Off Antarctica
Source Level of Antarctic Blue and Fin Whale Sounds Recorded on Sonobuoys Deployed in the Deep-Ocean Off Antarctica
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DOI：
10.3389/fmars.2021.792651
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发表时间：
2021-12-24
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Double, Michael C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miller, Brian S.;Calderan, Susannah;Double, Michael C.
南极蓝鲸和长须鲸叫声的源级SL是使用2019年南极航行期间部署的定向声纳浮标收集的声学记录估计的。南极蓝鲸的叫声类型包括定型的歌声和向下扫频调制的叫声，通常分别被称为Z-叫声（包括歌声单元-A，B和C）和D-叫声。长须鲸的叫声包括20赫兹的脉冲和40赫兹的下扫叫声。通过测量每次检测的接收电平（RL）并对传输损耗（TL）进行建模来获得源电平。SL的估计是敏感的TL模型中使用的参数，特别是海底地声特性和呼叫鲸鱼的深度。对于我们对TL和鲸鱼深度的最佳估计，平均SL（dB re 1 mu Pa +/- 1标准差）范围为188-191 +/- 6-8 dB（蓝鲸呼叫类型）和189-192 +/- 6 dB（长须鲸呼叫类型）。这些SL的估计是第一次从南半球的D-呼叫和40赫兹下扫，和最大的样本量到目前为止南极蓝鲸的歌曲。了解声源水平对于估计这些声音的探测范围和通信空间至关重要，并将能够更准确地比较声纳浮标测量和国际长期监测网络对这些声音的探测。
The source levels, SL, of Antarctic blue and fin whale calls were estimated using acoustic recordings collected from directional sonobuoys deployed during an Antarctic voyage in 2019. Antarctic blue whale call types included stereotyped song and downswept frequency-modulated calls, often, respectively, referred to as Z-calls (comprising song units-A, B, and C) and D-calls. Fin whale calls included 20 Hz pulses and 40 Hz downswept calls. Source levels were obtained by measuring received levels (RL) and modelling transmission losses (TL) for each detection. Estimates of SL were sensitive to the parameters used in TL models, particularly the seafloor geoacoustic properties and depth of the calling whale. For our best estimate of TL and whale-depth, mean SL in dB re 1 mu Pa +/- 1 standard deviation ranged between 188-191 +/- 6-8 dB for blue whale call types and 189-192 +/- 6 dB for fin whale call types. These estimates of SL are the first from the Southern Hemisphere for D-calls and 40 Hz downsweeps, and the largest sample size to-date for Antarctic blue whale song. Knowledge of source levels is essential for estimating the detection range and communication space of these calls and will enable more accurate comparisons of detections of these sounds from sonobuoy surveys and across international long-term monitoring networks.