Stimulatory versus suppressive effects of GM-CSF on tumor progression in multiple cancer types.
Stimulatory versus suppressive effects of GM-CSF on tumor progression in multiple cancer types.
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DOI：
10.1038/emm.2016.64
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发表时间：
2016-07-01
影响因子：
12.8
通讯作者：
Hong IS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hong IS
粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（GM-CSF，也称为 CSF-2）以其在免疫调节和造血中的关键作用而闻名。大量实验证据表明，GM-CSF 在多种类型的人类癌症中经常上调，可以有效地为免疫系统标记癌细胞的“危险旗帜”。在这种情况下，大多数研究都集中在其作为免疫调节剂的功能，即其刺激树突状细胞（DC）成熟和单核细胞/巨噬细胞活性的能力。然而，最近的研究表明，GM-CSF还通过支持肿瘤微环境并刺激肿瘤生长和转移来促进免疫独立的肿瘤进展。尽管一些研究表明GM-CSF对肿瘤生长和转移具有抑制作用，但更多的研究表明GM-CSF对肿瘤进展具有刺激作用。在这篇综述中，我们总结了一些研究结果，以提供有关 GM-CSG 抗癌免疫反应的当前可用信息。然后我们讨论 GM-CSF 在多种癌症进展中的潜在作用，以深入了解其临床应用的一些复杂性。
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF, also called CSF-2) is best known for its critical role in immune modulation and hematopoiesis. A large body of experimental evidence indicates that GM-CSF, which is frequently upregulated in multiple types of human cancers, effectively marks cancer cells with a ‘danger flag' for the immune system. In this context, most studies have focused on its function as an immunomodulator, namely its ability to stimulate dendritic cell (DC) maturation and monocyte/macrophage activity. However, recent studies have suggested that GM-CSF also promotes immune-independent tumor progression by supporting tumor microenvironments and stimulating tumor growth and metastasis. Although some studies have suggested that GM-CSF has inhibitory effects on tumor growth and metastasis, an even greater number of studies show that GM-CSF exerts stimulatory effects on tumor progression. In this review, we summarize a number of findings to provide the currently available information regarding the anticancer immune response of GM-CSG. We then discuss the potential roles of GM-CSF in the progression of multiple types of cancer to provide insights into some of the complexities of its clinical applications.