Smart Protected Area Placement Decelerates Biodiversity Loss: A Representation-extinction Feedback Leads Rare Species to Extinction
Smart Protected Area Placement Decelerates Biodiversity Loss: A Representation-extinction Feedback Leads Rare Species to Extinction
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DOI：
10.1111/conl.12302
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发表时间：
2017-09-01
影响因子：
8.5
通讯作者：
Fuller, Richard A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Akasaka, Munemitsu;Kadoya, Taku;Fuller, Richard A.
保护区（PA）是全球保护工作的先锋，但人们一再证明，分布狭窄的物种更有可能在保护区中没有代表。这意味着，在局部防御更有可能在PA之外的情况下，正反馈回路可能使PA在减速防御方面基本上无效，即使PA有效地减轻了威胁。在这里，我们经验性地测试这个反馈回路的元素使用分布数据的1,572在日本受威胁的植物。窄分布的物种确实不太可能重叠的保护区比广泛的物种，和当地的灭绝率为未受保护的人口超过15年的1.5倍，高于那些内保护区。一个模拟模型表明，新的保护区将大大减少广泛分布的物种的灭绝风险，但不是狭窄分布的物种，除非他们被放置在非常精确的景观。我们的研究结果表明，一个代表灭绝反馈将限制PA的有效性，除非PA的位置是仔细有针对性的，在防止precautions。
Protected areas (PAs) spearhead global conservation efforts, but it has been repeatedly demonstrated that narrowly distributed species are more likely to be unrepresented in PAs. This means that where local extinctions are more likely outside PAs, a positive feedback loop could render PAs largely ineffective in decelerating extinctions, even where PAs effectively abate threats. Here we empirically test the elements of this feedback loop using distribution data for 1,572 threatened plants in Japan. Narrowly distributed species were indeed less likely to overlap PAs than widespread species, and local extinction rates for unprotected populations over 15 years were 1.5 times higher than those inside PAs. A simulation model showed that new PAs will substantially reduce extinction risk for widespread species, but not for narrowly distributed species, unless they are placed very precisely in the landscape. Our results suggest that a representation-extinction feedback will limit the effectiveness of PAs in preventing extinctions unless PA placement is carefully targeted.