The effect of meteorological conditions and atmospheric composition in the occurrence and development of new particle formation (NPF) events in Europe
The effect of meteorological conditions and atmospheric composition in the occurrence and development of new particle formation (NPF) events in Europe
复制标题
DOI：
10.5194/acp-2020-555
复制
发表时间：
2020-08
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Dimitrios Bousiotis;J. Brean;Francis D. Pope;M. Dall’Osto;X. Querol;A. Alastuey;Noemí Pérez;T. Petäjä;A. Massling;J. Nøjgaard;C. Nørdstrom;G. Kouvarakis;S. Vratolis;Konstantinos Eleftheriadis;J. Niemi;H. Portin;A. Wiedensohler;K. Weinhold;M. Merkel;T. Tuch;Roy M. Harrison
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dimitrios Bousiotis;J. Brean;Francis D. Pope;M. Dall’Osto;X. Querol;A. Alastuey;Noemí Pérez;T. Petäjä;A. Massling;J. Nøjgaard;C. Nørdstrom;G. Kouvarakis;S. Vratolis;Konstantinos Eleftheriadis;J. Niemi;H. Portin;A. Wiedensohler;K. Weinhold;M. Merkel;T. Tuch;Roy M. Harrison
抽象的。虽然新粒子形成（NPF）事件已经被广泛研究了几十年，但驱动其发生和发展的机制尚未完全阐明。实验室研究已经做了很多工作来阐明成核过程中涉及的分子过程，但这一知识尚未最终与大气中的NPF事件联系起来。由于大气条件和观测结果的多样性，将实验室研究的结果成功应用于真实的大气条件存在很大困难，因为NPF事件几乎在世界各地发生，但并不总是遵循频率、季节性、大气条件或事件发展的明确定义的趋势。本研究寻求核化事件的共同特点，通过应用一个分箱线性回归在广泛的数据集，从16个网站的各种类型（组合数据集的85年，从农村和城市的背景，以及路边站点）在欧洲。在大多数站点，太阳辐射强度与NPF事件频率之间存在明显的正相关关系（最高R2=0.98），温度（最高R2=0.98）和大气压力（直到R2=0.97），而相对湿度（RH）呈现负相关（高达R2=0.95）与NPF事件频率，虽然例外的网站之间发现的所有变量的研究。风速呈现出不太一致的关系，这似乎受到当地条件的严重影响。虽然一些气象变量（例如太阳辐射强度和相对湿度）似乎对NPF事件的发生和特征具有至关重要的影响，特别是在农村地区，但在较高的平均值下，它们的作用似乎变得不那么明显。对化学成分数据的分析得出了有趣的结果。几乎所有的化合物的研究（除了O3）和冷凝汇（CS）的浓度与NPF事件的频率呈负相关，虽然具有较高的SO2平均浓度的地区有较高的NPF事件的频率。颗粒有机碳（OC），挥发性有机化合物（VOCs），和颗粒相硫酸盐始终与新形成的颗粒的生长速率呈正相关。与一些气象变量一样，污染物或CS浓度增加时，它们对NPF频率的影响似乎减少。
Abstract. Although new particle formation (NPF) events have been studied extensively for some decades, the mechanisms that drive their occurrence and development are yet to be fully elucidated. Laboratory studies have done much to elucidate the molecular processes involved in nucleation, but this knowledge has yet to be conclusively linked to NPF events in the atmosphere. There is great difficulty in successful application of the results from laboratory studies to real atmospheric conditions due to the diversity of atmospheric conditions and observations found, as NPF events occur almost everywhere in the world without always following a clearly defined trend of frequency, seasonality, atmospheric conditions, or event development. The present study seeks common features in nucleation events by applying a binned linear regression over an extensive dataset from 16 sites of various types (combined dataset of 85 years from rural and urban backgrounds as well as roadside sites) in Europe. At most sites, a clear positive relation with the frequency of NPF events is found between the solar radiation intensity (up to R2=0.98), temperature (up to R2=0.98), and atmospheric pressure (up to R2=0.97), while relative humidity (RH) presents a negative relation (up to R2=0.95) with NPF event frequency, though exceptions were found among the sites for all the variables studied. Wind speed presents a less consistent relationship, which appears to be heavily affected by local conditions. While some meteorological variables (such as the solar radiation intensity and RH) appear to have a crucial effect on the occurrence and characteristics of NPF events, especially at rural sites, it appears that their role becomes less marked at higher average values. The analysis of chemical composition data presents interesting results. Concentrations of almost all chemical compounds studied (apart from O3) and the condensation sink (CS) have a negative relationship with NPF event frequency, though areas with higher average concentrations of SO2 had higher NPF event frequency. Particulate organic carbon (OC), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and particulate-phase sulfate consistently had a positive relation with the growth rate of the newly formed particles. As with some meteorological variables, it appears that at increased concentrations of pollutants or the CS, their influence upon NPF frequency is reduced.