Preface to the Special Issue on the “Observation, Prediction and Analysis of severe Convection of China” (OPACC) National “973” Projec
Preface to the Special Issue on the “Observation, Prediction and Analysis of severe Convection of China” (OPACC) National “973” Projec
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DOI：
10.1007/s00376-016-0002-3
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发表时间：
2016-09
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
M. Xue
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Xue
中国是一个经常受强对流天气影响的国家。强对流天气主要是指局地强降水、雷暴大风（包括龙卷风和下击暴流）、冰雹和雷电。这些类型的灾害性天气通常在空间尺度上很小，发展迅速，因此很难被观测网络捕获，并且在典型的业务数值天气预报（NWP）模式中分辨率很差。此外，许多重要的动态和物理过程还没有得到很好的理解。在中国，强对流天气的影响仅次于登陆台风和大范围强降水和洪水。研究（例如，Zhang和Zhai，2011）显示，在过去几十年中，中国东部大部分地区的短时间极端降水频率有增加的趋势，那里人口最密集。由于历史和技术的原因，我国对强对流天气的研究主要集中在大范围的洪涝强降水系统和事件（以及登陆台风）上。中国过去的重大国家级研究项目主要集中在中-α和中-β尺度。强对流天气主要发生在更小的中-γ尺度上，也发生在有组织的中-β尺度对流系统中。多普勒天气雷达是研究中γ尺度天气最重要、最基本的观测工具。
China is a country that is frequently affected by severe convective weather. Here, severe convective weather mainly refers to intense local heavy precipitation, thunderstorm-induced gale-force winds including those from tornadoes and downbursts, and hail and lightning. These types of severe weather are usually small in spatial scale and rapid in their development, and are therefore difficult to capture by observational networks and are poorly resolved in typical operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. Furthermore, many of the important dynamic and physical processes involved are not well understood. Within China, the impacts of severe convective weather rank only after those of landfalling typhoons and widespread heavy precipitation and flooding. Studies (eg, Zhang and Zhai, 2011) have shown tendencies for an increased frequency in short-duration extreme precipitation during the past several decades over most of eastern China, where the population is most dense. An in-depth understanding of severe convective weather in China, as well as being able to accurately predict it, is clearly of great importance.For historical and technical reasons, severe weather research in China has focused mainly on widespread flood-inducing heavy precipitation systems and events (as well as landfalling typhoons). Past major national-level research projects in China have mostly focused on the meso-α and meso-β scales. Severe convective weather occurs mostly at the even smaller meso-γ scale, as well as within organized meso-β scale convective systems. To study meso-γ scale weather, Doppler weather radar is the most important and essential observational tool.