A Child's urine is not sterile: A pilot study evaluating the Pediatric Urinary Microbiome
A Child's urine is not sterile: A pilot study evaluating the Pediatric Urinary Microbiome
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jpurol.2022.02.025
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发表时间：
2022-06-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Wolfe, Alan J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Storm, Douglas W.;Copp, Hillary L.;Wolfe, Alan J.
膀胱微生物组（urobiome）存在于成人中。数据支持成人尿生物群系对尿路健康的影响，以及微生态失调的尿生物群系与下尿路疾病之间的关联。了解尿生物群系的起源很重要，因为其他微生物组在出生前后建立，而微生物组的改变与疾病的发展有关。然而，儿科尿生物群系尚未得到很好的研究。目的：我们试图确定尿生物群系发育的年龄，比较儿科尿生物群系与相邻泌尿生殖道微生物群系，并比较男孩和女孩之间以及不同年龄组之间的尿生物群系。研究设计招募了74名年龄小于18岁且近期未接触过抗生素的儿童，包括48名男性和26名女性，年龄为2周至209个月。收集经尿道插管尿液样本和会阴、尿道、阴道和包皮样本。使用扩展的定量尿培养方案和16S rRNA基因测序对标本进行评估。Dada2用于分析微生物组成，BLCA用于鉴定微生物类群。结果尿细菌检出率为90.5%，最低检出年龄为2周龄。女性膀胱和其他泌尿生殖道小生境（尿道、会阴和阴道）的微生物群落和组成随年龄而显著不同。乳杆菌在青春期后女孩的膀胱、尿道和阴道微生物组中占主导地位。与女性尿液微生物组相比，男性的差异不大。只有会阴微生物组在年龄上有显著差异，而男性尿道和包皮微生物组没有显著差异。讨论我们发现尿液微生物组早在婴儿期就已建立。此外，女性的尿生物群系在整个童年时期都在变化，直到青春期后的细菌类群与成年女性的一致。而在男孩中，尿液微生物组随着时间的推移变化很小。此外，与女性相比，男孩周围的泌尿生殖道微生物组差异较小。年轻时建立的微生物组可能对免疫、代谢和神经行为特征产生长期影响。这可能也适用于泌尿系统。我们的研究为未来的研究提供了基础，以确定儿科尿生物群系对泌尿系统甚至非泌尿系统疾病发展的影响。结论：存在儿童尿生物群系，男性和女性之间存在差异，并且可以在年轻时检测到，整个儿童期都发生变化。小儿泌尿系统和相邻的壁龛之间也存在相似性和差异。
Introduction A bladder microbiome (urobiome) exists in adults. Data supports the effects of the adult urobiome on urinary tract health with associations between dysbiotic urobiomes and lower urinary tract disorders. Understanding urobiome origin is important since other microbiomes establish around birth and microbiome alterations are linked to disease development. However, the pediatric urobiome has not been well studied. Objectives We sought to determine the age when the urobiome develops, compare the pediatric urobiome to microbiomes of adjacent urogenital niches, and compare the urobiomes between boys and girls and across age groups. Study design Seventy-four children less than 18 years of age without recent antibiotic exposure were recruited, including 48 males and 26 females, aged 2 weeks to 209 months of age. Transurethral catheterized urine samples and samples from the perineum, urethra, vagina, and foreskin were collected. Specimens were assessed using the expanded quantitative urine culture protocol and by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Dada2 was used to profile microbial compositions, and BLCA was used to identify microbial taxa. Results Bacteria were detected in 90.5% of urine samples and identified in children as young as 2 weeks of age. Microbial communities and compositions of the female bladder and other urogenital niches (urethra, perineum, and vagina) differed significantly by age. Lactobacillus predominated the bladder, urethral, and vaginal microbiomes in post-pubertal girls. Compared to female urinary microbiomes, those of males differed less substantially. Only perineal microbiomes differed significantly by age, whereas male urethral and foreskin microbiomes did not differ significantly. Discussion We identified that a urinary microbiome is established as early as infancy. In addition, the female urobiome changes throughout childhood, until the post-pubertal bacterial taxa becomes consistent with that seen in adult females. Whereas in boys, the urinary microbiome changed very little over time. In addition, the surrounding urogenital microbiomes differed less in boys as compared to females. Microbiomes established at a young age may have long-term influences on immune, metabolic, and neurobehavioral traits. The same may be true for the urobiome. Our study provides a foundation for future research to determine the influence of the pediatric urobiome on the development of urinary and even non-urinary disorders. Conclusions A pediatric urobiome exists, with differences between males and females and can be detected at a young age with changes occurring throughout childhood. Similarities and differences are also seen between the pediatric urobiome and adjacent niches.