Synthesis of 1D Sn-doped ZnO hierarchical nanorods with enhanced gas sensing characteristics
Synthesis of 1D Sn-doped ZnO hierarchical nanorods with enhanced gas sensing characteristics
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.07.166
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发表时间：
2015-12
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
S. K. Sinha
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. K. Sinha
在 Ar/O2 气氛中通过化学气相传输和冷凝过程制备了纯和 Sn 掺杂的分级 ZnO 基一维单晶纳米棒。传统的分析技术，如场发射扫描电子显微镜 (FESEM)、X 射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、光致发光光谱和生长纳米结构的高角度环形暗场图像 (HAADF) 证实了 ZnO 单晶中的锡掺杂。提出了纳米结构可能的形成机制。已经确定，ZnO 支化纳米棒中的 Sn 的掺入显着提高了它们对丙酮和乙醇蒸汽的敏感性。在 400 °C 的测试温度下暴露于 50 ppm 丙酮时，测得响应时间和恢复时间分别为约 7 秒和约 38 秒。在相当的操作条件下，掺杂的 ZnO 纳米棒传感器的丙酮和乙醇传感性能优于未掺杂的 ZnO 纳米结构传感器。 Sn掺杂分层ZnO纳米棒对丙酮和乙醇蒸汽的敏感性/响应归因于单晶形态、增加的O空位和其他缺陷密度以及更高的表面积，与未掺杂的ZnO纳米结构相比，这反过来又加速了丙酮或乙醇蒸汽的快速有效的扩散过程。
Pure and Sn-doped hierarchical ZnO based 1D single-crystalline nanorods were produced by chemical vapour transport and condensation process in Ar/O2atmosphere. Conventional analytical techniques, such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, photoluminescence spectra and high angle annular dark field image (HAADF) of the as-grown nanostructures confirm tin doping in ZnO single crystals. A possible formation mechanism of the nanostructures was proposed. It was established that the incorporation of Sn in the ZnO branched nanorods significantly improves their sensitivity towards acetone and ethanol vapours. The response and recovery times were measured to be ~7 s and ~38 s when exposed to 50 ppm acetone at the test temperature of 400 °C. The acetone and ethanol sensing performance of the doped ZnO nanorod sensors were better than that undoped ZnO nanostructured sensors under comparable operating conditions. The sensitivity/response of acetone and ethanol vapours for Sn-doped hierarchical ZnO nanorod was ascribed to the single-crystalline morphology, increased O-vacancy and other defect density and higher surface areas, which in turn accelerates a fast and effective diffusion process for acetone or ethanol vapours as compared to undoped ZnO nanostructures.