"This snack is too small - I'll take a different one": Quantifying 'norm' and 'choice' boundaries to inform effective portion-reduction strategies.
"This snack is too small - I'll take a different one": Quantifying 'norm' and 'choice' boundaries to inform effective portion-reduction strategies.
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“这个零食太小了，我要换一份”：量化“标准”和“选择”界限，以制定有效的减少份量策略。
DOI：
10.1016/j.appet.2021.105886
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
O Shahrokni R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
O Shahrokni R
先前的研究表明，食物的份量可以分为“正常”或“异常”两类，而减少仍被归类为“正常”的份量并不能促进摄入的代偿反应。然而，一个关键的问题仍然存在--消费者会从标准比例的竞争对手中选择比例较低的产品吗？第一次，我们探索了减少份量对食物选择的影响。参与者(N=445)将五种零食的20种不同部分(范围在40-420千卡之间)归类为正常或不正常(以量化每种食物的个人“正常边界”)，并对他们吃每种零食的欲望进行评级。使用两种选择的强迫选择假设任务，然后我们通过提供他们最想要的零食的较小部分(范围为40-240千卡)和不太想要的食物的标准化部分(240千卡)来计算“选择边界”。使用概率分析得出边界(选择边界平均值=185.8千卡，标准差=0.54，常模边界平均值=0.127.3千卡，标准差=0.49)，并且这些边界显著偏离(P<0.01，标准差=0.98，平均差=0.58，标准差=0.991)。至关重要的是，这表明，只有小幅降价--在产品仍被认为是正常的情况下--才能推动消费者选择替代产品。选择的界限也受到饮食欲望差异的影响；当人们对两种食物的渴望程度相似时，只有最喜欢的食物的大小稍有减少，就会引起选择上的变化。总而言之，这些发现表明，减少份量也会影响食物选择，突显了在重新制定商业产品之前衡量选择界限的重要性。
Previous research suggests that portion sizes can be categorised as ‘normal’ or ‘abnormal’ and that reduced portions which are still categorised as normal do not promote compensatory responses in intake. However, a critical question remains – will consumers choose a reduced portion product from among standard portion competitors? For the first time, we explore the effects of portion reduction on food choice. Participants (N = 45) categorised 20 different portions (range 40–420 kcal) of five snacks as normal or abnormal (to quantify individual ‘norm boundaries’ for each food) and rated their desire to eat each snack. Using a 2-alternative forced choice hypothetical task, we then calculated a ‘choice boundary’ by offering smaller portions of their most-desired snack (range 40–240 kcal) alongside standardised portions (240 kcal) of the less-desired foods. Boundaries were derived using probit analysis (choice boundary mean = 185.8 kcal, SD = 54, norm boundary mean = 127.3 kcal, SD = 49.5) and these deviated significantly (p < .01, d = 0.98, mean difference = 58.0 kcal, SD = 59.1). Critically, this shows that only a small reduction – where the product is still considered normal - can nudge a consumer to select an alternative. Choice boundaries were also affected by differences in desire to eat; when two foods were desired to a similar degree, only minor reductions in the size of the favourite food elicited a switch in choice. Together, these findings indicate that portion reduction can also influence food choice, highlighting the importance of measuring choice boundaries before reformulating commercial products.