Structural basis for tunable control of actin dynamics by myosin-15 in mechanosensory stereocilia.

Structural basis for tunable control of actin dynamics by myosin-15 in mechanosensory stereocilia.
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机械感觉静纤毛中肌球蛋白15对肌动蛋白动力学可调控制的结构基础。

DOI:
10.1126/sciadv.abl4733
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发表时间:
2022-07-22
期刊:
影响因子:
13.6
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
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--
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运动蛋白肌球蛋白-15对于机械感觉立体纤毛的发育和维持是必需的,肌球蛋白-15的突变导致遗传性耳聋。除了将肌动蛋白调控机制运输到静纤毛尖端外,肌球蛋白-15还直接形成肌动蛋白丝(F-actin)组装的核,这一组装被进行性听力损失突变破坏(p.D1647G,“jordan”)。在这里,我们展示了与f -肌动蛋白结合的肌球蛋白-15的低温电镜结构,为解释耳聋突变对运动活性和肌动蛋白成核的影响提供了一个框架。Rigor myosin-15引起了f -肌动蛋白构象的变化,但保持了肌动蛋白d环的灵活性,这介导了亚基间的接触,而jordan突变体将d环锁定在单一构象中。二磷酸腺苷结合的肌球蛋白-15也锁定了d环,这相应地减弱了肌动蛋白聚合的刺激。我们提出肌凝蛋白-15通过桥接肌动蛋白原蛋白增强聚合,以肌凝蛋白核苷酸状态依赖的方式通过调节肌动蛋白的结构可塑性来调节成核效率。这种肌动蛋白聚合的可调调节可以用来精确控制立体纤毛的高度。与f -肌动蛋白结合的肌球蛋白-15的低温电镜结构提供了对其分子运动和肌动蛋白成核机制的见解。
The motor protein myosin-15 is necessary for the development and maintenance of mechanosensory stereocilia, and mutations in myosin-15 cause hereditary deafness. In addition to transporting actin regulatory machinery to stereocilia tips, myosin-15 directly nucleates actin filament (“F-actin”) assembly, which is disrupted by a progressive hearing loss mutation (p.D1647G, “jordan”). Here, we present cryo–electron microscopy structures of myosin-15 bound to F-actin, providing a framework for interpreting the impacts of deafness mutations on motor activity and actin nucleation. Rigor myosin-15 evokes conformational changes in F-actin yet maintains flexibility in actin’s D-loop, which mediates inter-subunit contacts, while the jordan mutant locks the D-loop in a single conformation. Adenosine diphosphate–bound myosin-15 also locks the D-loop, which correspondingly blunts actin-polymerization stimulation. We propose myosin-15 enhances polymerization by bridging actin protomers, regulating nucleation efficiency by modulating actin’s structural plasticity in a myosin nucleotide state–dependent manner. This tunable regulation of actin polymerization could be harnessed to precisely control stereocilium height. Cryo-EM structures of myosin-15 bound to F-actin provide insights into its molecular motor and actin nucleation mechanisms.
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