Exploring Dominant Types of Explanations Built by General Chemistry Students
Exploring Dominant Types of Explanations Built by General Chemistry Students
复制标题
探索普通化学学生构建的主要解释类型
DOI：
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
V. Talanquer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
V. Talanquer
我们的研究的中心目标是探索科学和工程专业的学生所产生的解释的性质，在化学方面的基本训练，以解释解决方案的依数性。这项工作的动机是我们更广泛的兴趣，在表征的主要类型的解释，科学大学生使用的现象，在有限的时间和有限的明确知识的条件下，关于一个主题的意义。在两个学期的普通化学课程结束时，学生在时间限制下完成了两个不同的测验，以书面形式收集了答案。我们的研究表明，学生产生因果/机械解释的能力取决于任务的性质。一般来说，学生更倾向于或能够产生机械解释来解释沸点升高和冰点降低，而不是理解渗透流。对研究参与者建立的因果解释类型的分析表明，学生可能会偏向于我们工作中的因果模型或解释模式，这些模型或解释模式的特征是因果-加性和因果-静态。很大一部分学生建立了非因果目的论的解释来解释渗透流。在我们的研究中，没有一个参与者使用物质的动力学模型作为解释任何相关现象的基础;在有限的时间和知识条件下，他们的直觉推理中完全没有潜在的随机过程的想法，这个过程一直在发生，从而产生了涌现的属性和行为。
The central goal of our study was to explore the nature of the explanations generated by science and engineering majors with basic training in chemistry to account for the colligative properties of solutions. The work was motivated by our broader interest in the characterisation of the dominant types of explanations that science college students use to make sense of phenomena under conditions of limited time and limited explicit knowledge about a topic. Explanations were collected in written form using two different quizzes that students completed under time constraints at the end of a two‐semester general chemistry course. Our study revealed that students’ ability to generate causal/mechanical explanations depended on the nature of the task. In general, students were more inclined or able to generate mechanistic explanations to account for boiling‐point elevation and freezing‐point depression than to make sense of osmotic flow. The analysis of the types of causal explanations built by the study participants suggests that students may be biased towards some causal models or explanatory modes characterised as causal‐additive and causal‐static in our work. A large proportion of the students built non‐causal teleological explanations to account for osmotic flow. None of the participants in our study used a dynamic model of matter as the basis for their explanations of any of the relevant phenomena; the idea of an underlying random process that is taking place at all times giving rise to emergent properties and behaviours was completely absent from their intuitive reasoning under conditions of limited time and knowledge.