Moraxella catarrhalis, a Human Respiratory Tract Pathogen
Moraxella catarrhalis, a Human Respiratory Tract Pathogen
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DOI：
10.1086/599375
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发表时间：
2009-07-01
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Parameswaran, G. Iyer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Murphy, Timothy F.;Parameswaran, G. Iyer
卡他莫拉菌是人类特有的病原体，是婴儿和儿童中耳炎的常见原因，导致 15%-20% 的急性中耳炎发作。在美国，卡他莫拉菌每年导致 2-400 万成年人慢性阻塞性肺病恶化。卡他莫拉菌与培养中的共生奈瑟菌相似，因此在人类呼吸道样本中可能被忽视。上呼吸道定植率在婴儿和儿童中较高，但在成年后显着下降。大多数菌株产生β-内酰胺酶，因此对氨苄西林具有耐药性，但对几类口服抗菌药物敏感。最近的工作阐明了发病机制，并重点关注疫苗开发，以预防儿童中耳炎和患有慢性阻塞性肺病的成人由卡他莫拉菌引起的呼吸道感染。
Moraxella catarrhalis is an exclusively human pathogen and is a common cause of otitis media in infants and children, causing 15%-20% of acute otitis media episodes. M. catarrhalis causes an estimated 2-4 million exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults annually in the United States. M. catarrhalis resembles commensal Neisseria species in culture and, thus, may be overlooked in samples from the human respiratory tract. The prevalence of colonization of the upper respiratory tract is high in infants and children but decreases substantially in adulthood. Most strains produce beta-lactamase and are thus resistant to ampicillin but susceptible to several classes of oral antimicrobial agents. Recent work has elucidated mechanisms of pathogenesis and focused on vaccine development to prevent otitis media in children and respiratory tract infections caused by M. catarrhalis in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.