Mushroom Bodies Enhance Initial Motor Activity in drosophila
Mushroom Bodies Enhance Initial Motor Activity in drosophila
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DOI：
10.1080/01677060802572895
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
de Belle, J. Steven
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Serway, Christine N.;Kaufman, Rebecca R.;de Belle, J. Steven
中心体(或中央复合体，CCX)和蘑菇体(MBS)是大多数昆虫门的大脑结构，已被证明影响运动的各个方面。CCX调节运动协调并增强活动，而到目前为止，MBS被证明抑制运动活动水平，测量的时间间隔从几个小时到几周不等。在这份报告中，我们在Buridan的范例中调查了MB在行走的初始阶段(15分钟)对运动行为的参与。我们测量了果蝇行走的各个方面，这些果蝇的MB损伤是由六个不同基因的突变和化学消融引起的。所有接受测试的苍蝇后来都进行了组织学检查，以评估MB的神经解剖学。与野生型果蝇相比，具有MB结构缺陷的突变品系在行走时通常不那么活跃。在MBS也被羟基脲(HU)消融的大多数突变体显示出额外的活性降低。野生型和突变型果蝇在速度和指向地标的测量上的差异归因于多效性，而不是MB损伤。我们得出的结论是，在步行的最初阶段，MBS上调了活动，但在之后抑制了活动。MB对决策的影响已经表现在一系列复杂的行为中。我们认为MBS为大脑中的运动输出系统提供了适当的上下文信息，通过改变行为的数量(即活动)间接微调行走。
The central body (or central complex, CCX) and the mushroom bodies (MBs) are brain structures in most insect phyla that have been shown to influence aspects of locomotion. The CCX regulates motor coordination and enhances activity while MBs have, thus far, been shown to suppress motor activity levels measured over time intervals ranging from hours to weeks. In this report, we investigate MB involvement in motor behavior during the initial stages (15 minutes) of walking in Buridan's paradigm. We measured aspects of walking in flies that had MB lesions induced by mutations in six different genes and by chemical ablation. All tested flies were later examined histologically to assess MB neuroanatomy. Mutant strains with MB structural defects were generally less active in walking than wild-type flies. Most mutants in which MBs were also ablated with hydroxyurea (HU) showed additional activity decrements. Variation in measures of velocity and orientation to landmarks among wild-type and mutant flies was attributed to pleiotropy, rather than to MB lesions. We conclude that MBs upregulate activity during the initial stages of walking, but suppress activity thereafter. An MB influence on decision making has been shown in a wide range of complex behaviors. We suggest that MBs provide appropriate contextual information to motor output systems in the brain, indirectly fine tuning walking by modifying the quantity (i.e., activity) of behavior.