Phloem differentiation: an integrative model for cell specification.
Phloem differentiation: an integrative model for cell specification.
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DOI：
10.1007/s10265-017-0999-0
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发表时间：
2018-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Helariutta Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blob B;Heo JO;Helariutta Y
植物维管系统由两种主要的传导细胞类型组成：木质部管状细胞和韧皮部筛状细胞。这两种细胞都经历了高度特化的分化过程。拟南芥的根分生组织显示出一个典型的解剖结构，其中中央脉管系统被同心的外层组织层包围。每个细胞文件都来源于位于根尖的干细胞。分生组织中发生一系列形成性和增殖性分裂；随后是细胞扩增和分化。原生韧皮部分化的独特之处在于与第一个干细胞相距仅20-25个细胞，在分化过程中，细胞失去了包括细胞核在内的一些细胞器，而剩余的细胞器则被重新排列。SE发育缺陷导致生长素运输和反应受损，从而系统性地影响根的生长。虽然一些基因已被证明在韧皮部发育中起作用，但对筛元发育（即干细胞分裂的频率、去核的频率以及筛元发育如何在分子水平上协调细胞分裂和分化）的详细分析和全面理解仍然缺乏。先进的实时成像技术可以长时间捕捉根尖生长，并对SE文件中的20-25个细胞进行单细胞转录组分析，可以帮助解决这些问题。此外，了解控制根分区的PLT梯度与根分生组织内韧皮部发育之间的相互作用，可以揭示SE分化的速度及其对分生组织的重要性。
Plant vasculature consists of two major conductive cell types, xylem tracheary elements and phloem sieve elements (SEs). Both cell types undergo a highly specialized differentiation process. The root meristem of Arabidopsis displays a stereotypical anatomy in which the central vasculature is surrounded by concentric layers of outer tissues. Each cell file is derived from stem cells located in the root tip. A series of formative and proliferative divisions take place in the meristem; these are followed by cell expansion and differentiation. Protophloem differentiation is unique in being complete only 20–25 cells away from the first stem cell, and during the differentiation process the cells lose several organelles, including the nucleus, while the remaining organelles are rearranged. Defects in SE development have been shown to result in impaired auxin transport and response and therefore systemically affect root growth. Although a few genes have been demonstrated to function in phloem development, detailed analyses and a comprehensive understanding of sieve element development (i.e. how often the stem cells divide, how frequently enucleation takes place, and how SE development is coordinated between cell division and differentiation on a molecular level) are still lacking. Advanced live-imaging techniques which enable prolonged time-lapse captures of root tip growth as well as single-cell transcriptomic analysis of the 20–25 cells in the SE file could help resolve these questions. In addition, understanding the interplay between the PLETHORA (PLT) gradient, which is known to govern the root zonation, and phloem development within the root meristem could shed light on the rapidity of SE differentiation and its importance to the meristem.
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影响因子：
7.7
作者：
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DOI：
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