The Pragmatics of Obligatory Adjuncts
The Pragmatics of Obligatory Adjuncts
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强制性附加语的语用学
DOI：
10.1353/lan.2001.0219
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Farrell Ackerman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adele E. Goldberg;Farrell Ackerman
在述谓结构和修饰结构中，义务性附加语的存在最好从一般会话语用学的角度来理解，而不是从语法因素来理解。在小句述谓的情况下，焦点词用于满足经常被引用的要求，即每个话语都有一个焦点，用于在话语中传达新信息;焦点词只是满足焦点要求的几种方式之一。我们认为，作为一种语用限制，焦点要求是从格莱斯的数量准则或霍恩的R-原则派生出来的。这使我们能够解释这样一个事实，即虽然话语通常确实需要成功的焦点，但可能存在某些原则性的例外。对会话准则的呼吁也使我们能够解释名词性修饰结构中强制性修饰语的出现，在名词性修饰结构中焦点不是相关概念。
The existence of OBLIGATORY ADJUNCTS in both predication and modification constructions is best understood as following from general conversational pragmatics, rather than from grammatical factors. In the case of clausal predication, adjuncts are used to satisfy the often-cited requirement that every utterance have a focus that serves to convey new information in the discourse; adjuncts are just one of several ways in which the focal requirement can be satisfied. We argue that as a pragmatic constraint, the focal requirement is derivative from Grice's maxim of quantity or Horn's R-principle. This allows us to account for the fact that while utterances do normally require a successful focus, there can be certain principled exceptions. The appeal to conversational maxims also allows us to account for the appearance of obligatory adjuncts within nominal modification structures, in which focus is not the relevant notion.