Typical entanglement entropy in the presence of a center: Page curve and its variance

Typical entanglement entropy in the presence of a center: Page curve and its variance
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存在中心时的典型纠缠熵:页面曲线及其方差

DOI:
10.1103/physrevd.100.105010
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
影响因子:
5
通讯作者:
Donà, Pietro
Donà, Pietro
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bianchi, Eugenio;Donà, Pietro

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在纯态的量子系统中,由于与系统其余部分的纠缠,子系统通常具有非零熵。纯态的平均纠缠熵是否也是子系统的典型熵?给出了一个计算子系统具有纠缠熵概率动量的精确公式。该方法适用于由具有中心的观测量的子代数定义的子系统。在平凡中心的情况下,我们重新获得了著名的平均熵的结果和方差的公式。在存在非平凡中心的情况下,希尔伯特空间不具有张量积结构,并且众所周知的公式不适用。我们给出了中心存在时平均纠缠熵及其方差的精确公式。我们表明,对于大系统的方差是小的,因此,平均纠缠熵是典型的。我们比较精确和数值结果的概率分布和评论的关系,以前的结果集中的措施范围。我们讨论它在中心出现的物理系统中的应用。特别是,对于一个系统的非相互作用的自旋在一个磁场和一个自由的量子场,我们展示了如何产生的热熵作为典型的纠缠熵的能量本征态。
In a quantum system in a pure state, a subsystem generally has a nonzero entropy because of entanglement with the rest of the system. Is the average entanglement entropy of pure states also the typical entropy of the subsystem? We present a method to compute the exact formula of the momenta of the probabilitythat a subsystem has entanglement entropy. The method applies to subsystems defined by a subalgebra of observables with a center. In the case of a trivial center, we reobtain the well-known result for the average entropy and the formula for the variance. In the presence of a nontrivial center, the Hilbert space does not have a tensor product structure and the well-known formula does not apply. We present the exact formula for the average entanglement entropy and its variance in the presence of a center. We show that for large systems the variance is small,, and therefore the average entanglement entropy is typical. We compare exact and numerical results for the probability distribution and comment on the relation to previous results on concentration of measure bounds. We discuss the application to physical systems where a center arises. In particular, for a system of noninteracting spins in a magnetic field and for a free quantum field, we show how the thermal entropy arises as the typical entanglement entropy of energy eigenstates.
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DOI: --
发表时间: 1996
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