Polar bear hunting and hunters in Ittoqqortoormiit/Scoresbysund, NE Greenland
Polar bear hunting and hunters in Ittoqqortoormiit/Scoresbysund, NE Greenland
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格陵兰岛东北部 Ittoqortoormiit/Scoresbysund 的北极熊狩猎和猎人
作者：
H. Sandell;B. Sandell
本文描述了北极熊（Ursus maritimus）的狩猎，并概述了其在格陵兰岛东北部Ittoqqortoormiit/Scoresbysund的孤立狩猎社区中的重要性。自1925年该地区首次被殖民以来，尽管自第二次世界大战以来经济、社会和政治得到了发展，但狩猎仍然是唯一真正的生活手段；无论从维持生计的经济还是文化的角度来看，狩猎对社区来说都保持着它的重要性。因纽特人的身份与猎人的身份紧密相连，在这里，猎熊在经济和社会方面发挥着重要作用。一些猎人传统上专门从事猎熊，他们在社区中享有很高的地位，尽管事实上他们通常未婚且相对贫穷，因此根据定义，他们的社会地位应该很低。除了这些传统的猎人，他们通常是老年人，是殖民该地区的狩猎家庭的第二代，还有一群年轻的猎熊人，与第一批人相反，他们通常是已婚的，通常是从那些有长期工作的富裕家庭中分离出来的。在过去的几年里，新技术和对保护法律的修订使狩猎模式发生了变化，因为从船上狩猎熊现在占了捕杀的很大一部分。尽管如此，尽管冬季猎场已经大大扩大了——特别是向北方扩大了——环境条件决定了可以捕杀多少熊的限度，而这个数字每年都有明显的变化，显然在较长一段时间内多少是不变的
This paper describes hunting of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) and outlines its importance today in the isolated hunting community of Ittoqqortoormiit/Scoresbysund, NE Greenland. Since the area was first colonized in 1925, hunting has remained the only real means of living despite the economic, social, and political development that has come about since The Second World War ; hunting retains its importance, both in terms of subsistence economy and culture, for the community. The identity of the Inuit is bound up with that of the hunter and here bear hunting plays an important economic and social role. Some hunters have traditionally specialized in bear hunting and they enjoy a high standing in the community despite the fact that they are often unmarried and relatively poor and should therefore, by definition, have a low social status. Besides these traditional hunters, who are often elderly - the second generation of the hunting families who colonized the area - there is a group of young bear hunters who, in contrast to the first group, are as a rule married and generally branch out from the better-off families of those with permanent employment. New technology and amendments to the preservation laws over the last few years have made for a change in hunting patterns, in that bear hunting from boats now accounts for a larger portion of the kill. In spite of this, and in spite of the fact that the winter hunting grounds have been extended considerably - especially to the north - environmental conditions determine the limits as to how many bears can be killed, and that number remains, with marked yearly variations, apparently somewhat constant over a longer period of time