Anxiety, depression and approach and avoidance goals
Anxiety, depression and approach and avoidance goals
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DOI：
10.1080/02699930341000013
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发表时间：
2004-04-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
MacLeod, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dickson, J;MacLeod, A
许多研究概述了焦虑和抑郁之间的相似性和差异，主要集中在情感和认知上。本研究的目的是扩大这条研究线，包括动机。有理论依据（例如，Gray，1982）认为焦虑主要与回避的动机系统有关，而抑郁则包括高度回避和低接近动机的因素。本研究探讨了接近目标和回避目标与焦虑和抑郁的关系。一个学校样本的青少年（N = 144）完成了一个开放式的任务，要求参与者写下尽可能多的个人的方法和避免的目标，在很短的时间内想到。参与者还被要求描述与实现或不实现每个目标相关的最重要的后果，然后将其分类为接近或避免后果。他们还完成了一份关于接近和回避成就目标的自我报告问卷。这些结果在各种措施中是一致的。与预测一致，焦虑与回避目标的衡量标准有关，但与接近目标的衡量标准无关。抑郁症与接近目标的赤字有关，但与预测相反，与回避目标的措施没有关系。焦虑和抑郁可以根据他们的目标动机模式来明确区分。
Numerous studies have outlined similarities and differences between anxiety and depression, focusing mainly on affect and cognition. The present study aimed to extend this line of research to include motivation. There are theoretical grounds (e.g., Gray, 1982) for expecting anxiety to be related primarily to motivational systems underlying avoidance whereas depression would be expected to include elements of both high avoidance and low approach motivation. The study & examined the relationships between approach goals and avoidance goals and anxiety and depression. A school sample of adolescents (N = 144) completed an open-ended task that required participants to write down as many personal approach and avoidance goals that came to mind within a short time period. Participants were also asked to describe the most important consequence associated with either achieving or not achieving each of their goals, which were then classified as either approach or avoidance consequences. They also completed a self-report questionnaire asking about approach and avoidance achievement goals. The findings were consistent across measures. In line with predictions, anxiety was associated with measures of avoidance goals but not approach goals. Depression was related to a deficit in approach goals but, against prediction, showed no relationship to measures of avoidance goals. Anxiety and depression can be clearly distinguished in terms of their patterns of goal motivation.