ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF EARTHWORMS IN RELATION TO LANDSCAPE FACTORS ON THE GEORGIA PIEDMONT, USA
ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF EARTHWORMS IN RELATION TO LANDSCAPE FACTORS ON THE GEORGIA PIEDMONT, USA
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DOI：
10.1016/0038-0717(92)90118-h
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发表时间：
1992-12-01
影响因子：
9.7
通讯作者：
PARMELEE, RW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HENDRIX, PF;MUELLER, BR;PARMELEE, RW
研究了美国东南部乔治亚山前地区不同生态系统类型、管理方式、景观位置、土壤质地和土壤侵蚀状况下蚯蚓的丰度和分布。蚯蚓丰度表现出明显的季节特征，冬季/春季最高，夏季最低。数量和生物量范围从在旱地耕作的单一作物土壤中为零到在洼地免耕、双作物土壤中超过1000 m-2 （bb50 g无灰干wt m-2）。翻耕复种土壤、洼地森林和草地的数量和生物量均处于中等水平。土壤质地受水分侵蚀的影响，对蚯蚓数量有强烈影响。中度和重度侵蚀的砂质粘土壤土所支持的蚯蚓数量和生物量显著高于砂含量较高的轻度侵蚀土壤。这种影响可能是由于沙质土壤的有机含量和持水量较低所致。在土壤质地变量中，粉土含量与蚯蚓生物量的相关性最高。蚯蚓丰度还与农业生态系统中植物残渣输入的数量和质量以及所有研究地点的土壤有机碳常积有关。在大多数农业生态系统和森林样地，占优势的蚯蚓种是欧洲蚓类；在有机质含量较高的草甸土壤中，原生双心草属植物最为突出。
Abundance and distribution of earthworms were studied on the Georgia Piedmont of the Southeastern U.S.A., at sites representing various ecosystem types, management practices, landscape positions, soil textures and soil erosion status. Earthworm abundance showed distinct seasonal patterns, with winter/spring maxima and summer minima. Numbers and biomass ranged from zero in plowed, mono-cropped soil at an upland site to over 1000 m-2 (>25g ash-free dry wt m-2) in no-tillage, double-cropped soil on bottomlands. Numbers and biomass in plowed, double-cropped soil, in a bottomland forest, and in grass meadows at both upland and bottomland sites were intermediate. Soil texture, as influenced by water erosion, strongly affected earthworm abundance. Moderately and severely eroded sandy clay loam supported significantly higher earthworm numbers and biomass than did slightly eroded soil with higher sand content. This effect may have resulted from low organic content and water holding capacity of the sandy soils. Of the soil texture variables, silt content was most highly correlated with earthworm biomass. Earthworm abundance was also related to quantity and quality of plant residue inputs in the agroecosystems, and to standing stocks of soil organic carbon across all sites studied. At most agroecosystem and forest sites, the predominant earthworm species were European lumbricids; native Diplocardia spp were most prominent in a meadow soil with high organic content.