Environmental Warming and Feminization of One of the Largest Sea Turtle Populations in the World
Environmental Warming and Feminization of One of the Largest Sea Turtle Populations in the World
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2017.11.057
复制
发表时间：
2018-01-08
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Dutton, Peter H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jensen, Michael P.;Allen, Camryn D.;Dutton, Peter H.
气候变化影响着地球仪的物种和生态系统[1]。温度升高的影响在具有温度依赖性性别决定（TSD）的物种中尤其相关，其中个体的性别由胚胎发育期间的孵化温度决定[2]。在海龟中，雌性孵化的比例随着孵化温度的增加而增加。到2100年，全球平均气温预计将上升2.6摄氏度[3]，许多海龟种群面临高卵子死亡率和雌性后代的危险。不幸的是，在筑巢的海滩上确定孵出的小海龟的性别比例既有后勤上的问题，也有伦理上的问题。然而，在觅食地获得的性别比例数据提供了多年来从不同筑巢海滩孵化的未成年和成年海龟的交配信息。在这里，我们第一次使用遗传标记和混合种群分析（MSA），结合通过腹腔镜检查和内分泌学的性别决定，将在大堡礁（GBR）觅食的雄性和雌性绿色海龟与它们孵化的筑巢海滩联系起来。我们的研究结果表明，温和的女性性别偏见（65%-69%女性）的海龟来自较冷的南部GBR筑巢海滩，而海龟来自温暖的北方GBR筑巢海滩是非常女性偏见（99.1%的少年，99.8%的亚成年，和86.8%的成年大小的海龟）。结合我们的研究结果与温度数据表明，北方GBR绿色海龟繁殖场已经生产主要是女性超过二十年，这个人口的完全女性化是可能的，在不久的将来。
Climate change affects species and ecosystems around the globe [1]. The impacts of rising temperature are particularly pertinent in species with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), where the sex of an individual is determined by incubation temperature during embryonic development [2]. In sea turtles, the proportion of female hatchlings increases with the incubation temperature. With average global temperature predicted to increase 2.6 degrees C by 2100 [3], many sea turtle populations are in danger of high egg mortality and female-only offspring production. Unfortunately, determining the sex ratios of hatchlings at nesting beaches carries both logistical and ethical complications. However, sex ratio data obtained at foraging grounds provides information on the amal-gamation of immature and adult turtles hatched from different nesting beaches over many years. Here, for the first time, we use genetic markers and a mixed-stock analysis (MSA), combined with sex determination through laparoscopy and endocrinology, to link male and female green turtles foraging in the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) to the nesting beach from which they hatched. Our results show a moderate female sex bias (65%-69% female) in turtles originating from the cooler southern GBR nesting beaches, while turtles originating from warmer northern GBR nesting beaches were extremely female-biased (99.1% of juvenile, 99.8% of subadult, and 86.8% of adult-sized turtles). Combining our results with temperature data show that the northern GBR green turtle rookeries have been producing primarily females for more than two decades and that the complete feminization of this population is possible in the near future.