Urban transformations: brokers, collaborative governance and community building in Karachi’s periphery
Urban transformations: brokers, collaborative governance and community building in Karachi’s periphery
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城市转型：卡拉奇周边地区的经纪人、协作治理和社区建设
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发表时间：
2014
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通讯作者：
Nausheen H. Anwar
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作者：
Nausheen H. Anwar
本文通过探索城市边缘规划和社区建设的政治，反思卡拉奇城市生活的复杂性。外围是一个农牧地带，人口稀少，在英国统治期间，村庄（哥特人）被赋予了用益权。在佩尔韦兹·穆沙拉夫将军（1999-2007）的9/11事件后，自由化和权力下放阶段，这片广阔的土地被细分，并在行政上与卡拉奇市地区政府（CDGK）合并。通过将其置于分散治理的控制之下来重塑周边地区的尝试，与计划外定居点的快速增长一起展开。本文深入研究了外围土地市场发展的关键国家和非国家参与者的角色：非政府组织Orangi试点项目（rti）、土地经纪人或dalaals，以及税收委员会官员或土地所有者。这些玩家以不同的方式竞争、谈判和合作，以控制土地，并利用他们的经济和社会资本与国家的不同层面进行接触。促进土地转换和保有权的主要社会代理人之间的争论和流畅的谈判为我们提供了一个视角，通过这个视角，我们可以批判性地审视支撑贫困群体土地和住房所有权的城市政治。
This essay reflects on the complexity of urban life in Karachi by exploring the politics of planning and community building in its urbanizing periphery. The periphery is an agrarian-pastoral stretch and sparsely populated region where villages (goths) were given usufruct rights during British rule. During General Pervez Musharraf’s (1999–2007) post-9/11, post-liberalization and decentralization phase, this vast expanse was subdivided and administratively merged with the City District Government Karachi (CDGK). The attempt to reshape the periphery by bringing it under the control of decentralized governance has unfolded in conjunction with the rapid growth of unplanned settlements. This essay delves into the roles of key state and non-state players around whom the market for land in the periphery is evolving: the NGO Orangi Pilot Project-RTI, land brokers or dalaals, and Board of Revenue officials or land masters. These players compete, negotiate and collaborate in diverse ways to control land and use their economic and social capital to engage the different layers of the state. The contestations and fluid negotiations between key social agents who facilitate land conversions and tenure rights provide a lens through which we can critically examine the urban politics that undergirds land and homeownership for poor groups.