Deeper local search for parameterized and approximation algorithms for maximum internal spanning tree

Deeper local search for parameterized and approximation algorithms for maximum internal spanning tree
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对最大内部生成树的参数化和近似算法进行更深入的局部搜索

DOI:
10.1016/j.ic.2016.11.003
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发表时间:
2017-02
影响因子:
1
通讯作者:
Wang Jianxin
Wang Jianxin
中科院分区:
计算机科学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Li Wenjun;Cao Yixin;Chen Jianer;Wang Jianxin

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最大内部生成树问题是指在给定的图的所有生成树中,有一棵内部顶点数最大的生成树。在它的参数化版中,我们感兴趣的是图是否有至少有k个内部顶点的生成树。Fomin等人(2013)[4]精心设计了一个非常巧妙的归约规则,并证明了该规则的简单应用足以产生3k个顶点的核,这意味着O⁎(8k)时间的参数化算法。利用深度2局部搜索,Knauer和Spoerhase(2015)[9]为优化版本开发了一个(5/3)近似算法。我们尝试更深入的局部搜索:我们对获得的生成树进行彻底的组合分析,并探索它们的算法后果。我们首先观察到,从深度-3局部搜索得到的生成树中,人们可以很容易地找到一个可约结构,并应用Fomin等人的约简规则。这提供了2k个顶点的改进的核,并且作为副产品,运行时间为O⁎(4k)的确定性算法。然后,我们通过考虑深度5局部搜索得到的生成树来进一步深入。证明了该生成树的内部顶点数至少是生成树最大顶点数的2/3,从而给出了该问题的一个改进的近似算法,其比为1.5。
The maximum internal spanning tree problem asks for a spanning tree of a given graph that has the maximum number of internal vertices among all spanning trees of this graph. In its parameterized version, we are interested in whether the graph has a spanning tree with at least k internal vertices. Fomin et al.(2013)[4] crafted a very ingenious reduction rule, and showed that a simple application of this rule is sufficient to yield a 3k-vertex kernel, implying an O⁎(8 k)-time parameterized algorithm. Using depth-2 local search, Knauer and Spoerhase (2015)[9] developed a (5/3)-approximation algorithm for the optimization version. We try deeper local search: We conduct a thorough combinatorial analysis on the obtained spanning trees and explore their algorithmic consequences. We first observe that from the spanning tree obtained by depth-3 local search, one can easily find a reducible structure and apply the reduction rule of Fomin et al. This gives an improved kernel of 2k vertices, and as a by-product, a deterministic algorithm running in time O⁎(4 k). We then go even deeper by considering the spanning tree obtained by depth-5 local search. It is shown that the number of internal vertices of this spanning tree is at least 2/3 of the maximum number a spanning tree can have, thereby delivering an improved approximation algorithm with ratio 1.5 for the problem.
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