Regional brain changes in aging healthy adults: General trends, individual differences and modifiers
Regional brain changes in aging healthy adults: General trends, individual differences and modifiers
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DOI：
10.1093/cercor/bhi044
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发表时间：
2005-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Acker, JD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Raz, N;Lindenberger, U;Acker, JD
脑衰老研究主要依赖于横断面研究，从年龄差异中推断出真正的变化。我们提出了健康成人5年区域脑容量变化的纵向测量。使用潜在差异评分模型评估容积变化的平均和个体差异以及年龄、性别和高血压的影响。尾状、小脑、海马体和联合皮层大幅萎缩。内嗅皮层的变化很小初级视觉皮层没有变化。收缩的纵向测量超过了横断面估计。除顶叶下小叶外，其余区域均表现出个体差异。小脑萎缩从青年到中年减少，从中年到老年增加。海马、内嗅皮层、下颞叶皮层和前额叶白质的萎缩随年龄增长而增加。此外，海马和小脑的萎缩随着年龄的增长而加速。在海马体中，与年龄相关的增量萎缩的线性和二次趋势仅限于高血压参与者。在某些地区，个体的收缩差异是相关的，这表明有共同的原因。除尾状核外，在年龄趋势上没有性别差异。我们没有发现大脑大小或教育程度对神经保护作用的证据。
Brain aging research relies mostly on cross-sectional studies, which infer true changes from age differences. We present longitudinal measures of five-year change in the regional brain volumes in healthy adults. Average and individual differences in volume changes and the effects of age, sex and hypertension were assessed with latent difference score modeling. The caudate, the cerebellum, the hippocampus and the association cortices shrunk substantially. There was minimal change in the entorhinal and none in the primary visual cortex. Longitudinal measures of shrinkage exceeded cross-sectional estimates. All regions except the inferior parietal lobule showed individual differences in change. Shrinkage of the cerebellum decreased from young to middle adulthood, and increased from middle adulthood to old age. Shrinkage of the hippocampus, the entorhinal cortices, the inferior temporal cortex and the prefrontal white matter increased with age. Moreover, shrinkage in the hippocampus and the cerebellum accelerated with age. In the hippocampus, both linear and quadratic trends in incremental age-related shrinkage were limited to the hypertensive participants. Individual differences in shrinkage correlated across some regions, suggesting common causes. No sex differences in age trends except for the caudate were observed. We found no evidence of neuroprotective effects of larger brain size or educational attainment.