Informational constraints on predator–prey interactions

Informational constraints on predator–prey interactions
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捕食者与被捕食者相互作用的信息限制

DOI:
10.1111/oik.08143
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
影响因子:
3.4
通讯作者:
Hein, Andrew M.
Hein, Andrew M.
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Martin, Benjamin T.;Gil, Michael A.;Fahimipour, Ashkaan K.;Hein, Andrew M.

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捕食者和猎物之间的相互作用速率是种群和食物网动态的基础。然而,大多数关于捕食者-被捕食者相互作用速率的生态学理论只涉及相互作用的第一阶段,即遭遇,而不是第二阶段,即捕获或逃跑。在这里,我们提出了一个简单的动力学模型的猎物捕获,结合经验观察到的行为策略的捕食者和逃避猎物的追求。我们从水生系统的数据参数化模型,并分析其动态。我们的研究结果表明,经验观察到的捕食者-猎物相互作用的结果不能预测仅仅从捕食者和猎物的生物力学性能特征。与以前的工作相反,我们表明,它是只有通过列入信息的约束-在捕食者和猎物的过程和响应传入的感官信息的速度的约束-经验观察到的猎物捕获率的全部范围内预测的模型。我们的分析还表明,捕食者-猎物相互作用的结果在很大程度上可以通过两个可测量的特征的乘积来预测:猎物的最大速度和感觉-运动延迟,该延迟表征了捕食者对猎物相对位置变化的反应时间。这两个特征都表现出与身体大小的幂律比例关系,表明简单的异速生长关系可能是跨物种捕食者-猎物相互作用的特征。更广泛地说,我们的研究结果表明,信息约束可以对捕食者-猎物相互作用产生主导作用,这些特征应该与生物力学性能一起考虑,以捕获自然界中捕食者-猎物相互作用的基本特性。
The rates of interactions between predators and prey are fundamental to population and food web dynamics. Yet, most ecological theory of predator–prey interaction rates deals exclusively with the first phase of an interaction, an encounter, and not the second phase, a capture or escape. Here, we present a simple dynamical model of prey capture that incorporates empirically observed behavioral strategies of pursuit by predators and evasion by prey. We parameterize the model with data from aquatic systems and analyze its dynamics. Our results show that empirically observed outcomes of predator–prey interactions cannot be predicted solely from biomechanical performance traits of predators and prey. Contrary to previous work, we show that it is only through the inclusion of informational constraints – constraints on the rate at which predator and prey process and respond to incoming sensory information – that the full range of empirically observed prey capture rates are predicted by the model. Our analysis also revealed that the outcome of predator–prey interactions can largely be predicted by the product of two measurable traits: the maximum speed of the prey and the sensory‐motor delay that characterizes the time taken for the predator to respond to a change in the relative position of prey. Both of these traits exhibit power‐law scaling with body size, suggesting that simple allometric relationships may characterize the outcome of predator–prey interactions across species. More broadly, our results suggest that informational constraints can have a dominant effect on predator–prey interactions, and that these traits should be considered alongside biomechanical performance to capture the fundamental properties of predator–prey interactions in nature.
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