Perfluoroalkyl Acids (PFAAs) and Selected Precursors in the Baltic Sea Environment: Do Precursors Play a Role in Food Web Accumulation of PFAAs?
Perfluoroalkyl Acids (PFAAs) and Selected Precursors in the Baltic Sea Environment: Do Precursors Play a Role in Food Web Accumulation of PFAAs?
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.6b01197
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发表时间：
2016-06-21
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Berger, Urs
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gebbink, Wouter A.;Bignert, Anders;Berger, Urs
本研究检测了波罗的海非生物环境和海鸠食物网中全氟烷基酸（PFAAs）和选定前体的存在，并研究了前体在PFAAs食物网积累中的相对重要性。对沉积物、水、浮游动物、鲱鱼、鲽鱼和海雀卵进行了全氟烷烃磺酸（pfsa; C-4、C-6、C-8、C-10）和全氟烷基羧酸（PFCAs; C6-15）以及六种全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）前体和11种多氟烷基磷酸二酯（dipap）的分析。FOSA FOSAA。在沉积物和水中检测到其甲基和乙基衍生物（Me-和EtFOSAA），以及6:2/6:2 diPAP。在所有生物群中均检测到FOSA和3种FOSAAs，仅在浮游动物中检测到9种dip。在浮游动物中，全氟辛烷磺酸前体和浸出物的浓度分别超过全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛烷磺酸，但在鱼类和海鸠卵中没有超过。尽管全氟辛烷磺酸前体存在于所有营养水平，但基于全氟辛烷磺酸前体/全氟辛烷磺酸比率以及全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛烷磺酸异构体模式，它们在全氟辛烷磺酸食物网积累中似乎起着次要作用。鱼类的PFCA模式不能用基于PFCA和分析前体的摄入模式来解释，即dip。因此，与鱼类直接接触PFCA相比，接触其他前体可能是主要的接触途径。
The present study examined the presence of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) and selected precursors in the Baltic Sea abiotic environment and guillemot food web, and investigated the relative importance of precursors in food web accumulation of PFAAs. Sediment, water, zooplankton, herring, sprat, and guillemot eggs were analyzed for perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs; C-4,C-6,C-8,C-10) and perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs; C6-15) along with six perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) precursors and 11 polyfluoroalkyl phosphoric acid diesters (diPAPs). FOSA, FOSAA. and its methyl and ethyl derivatives (Me- and EtFOSAA), and 6:2/6:2 diPAP were detected in sediment and water. While FOSA and the three FOSAAs were detected in all biota, a total of nine diPAPs were only detected in zooplankton. Concentrations of PFOS precursors and diPAPs exceeded PFOS and PFCA concentrations, respectively, in zooplankton, but not in fish and guillemot eggs. Although PFOS precursors were present at all trophic levels, they appear to play a minor role in food web accumulation of PFOS based on PFOS precursor/PFOS ratios and PFOS and FOSA isomer patterns. The PFCA pattern in fish could not be explained by the intake pattern based on PFCAs and analyzed precursors, that is, diPAPs. Exposure to additional precursors might therefore be a dominant exposure pathway compared to direct PFCA exposure for fish.